OSHA HAZWOPER 40 Hour

Any Device Responsive Training with QR Verification

Pay just $119.95 for your OSHA HAZWOPER 40 Hour certificate

The HAZWOPER 40 Hour training program reviews the OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Standard for OSHA CFR 1910.120(e)(3)(i).

This program is designed for employees involved in clean-up operations; emergency response operations; corrective actions covered by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA); and treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSD) operations.

Time Requirement

OSHA Standard 1910.120 requires trainees to complete 40-hours of off-site training as part of this program.  After successfully completing each course exam, trainees are guaranteed to have met the 40-hour time requirement defined by OSHA.

OSHA On-site Requirement

After completing the OSHA HAZWOPER 40 Hour off-site training program, OSHA requires employees to receive three (3) days of on-the-job worksite-specific training provided by their company (29 CFR 1910.120 (e)(3)(i)).

Compliant with OSHA Standards

OSHA 1910.120e

OSHA HAZWOPER 40 Hour - Curriculum

1. Overview of HAZWOPER

Learning objectives in this module:

    • Describe the purpose of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
    • Give an example of EPA’s “Cradle to Grave” regulatory program.
    • Define and give examples of hazardous substances, solid waste, and wastes excluded from the EPA solid waste regulation.
    • Discuss the four-step hazardous waste identification process.
    • Describe the three categories of hazardous waste generators.
    • List the three types of operations covered by HAZWOPER.

2. HAZWOPER for Cleanup Operations

Learning objectives in this module:

    • Discuss the purpose of site evaluation process for cleanup operations.
    • Define “site control,” and discuss the methods to maintain site control on cleanup operations.
    • Discuss training requirements for workers of cleanup operations.
    • Discuss medical surveillance requirements for workers performing cleanup operations.
    • Describe and give examples of engineering controls, work practice controls and PPE used on hazardous waste sites.
    • Describe the purpose of air monitoring and list the two types of sampling.
    • Discuss the best practices for handling containers and hazardous substances during cleanup operations.
    • Describe the decontamination process on cleanup operations.
    • Describe the elements of the cleanup operations Emergency Response Plan (ERP).

3. HAZWOPER For TSD Facilities

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Describe Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD) site analysis process.
  • Give examples of engineering controls, work practice controls, and PPE on TSD facilities.
  • Describe the Hazard Communication Program requirements for TSD facilities.
  • Describe the decontamination process at TSD facilities.
  • Discuss methods for handling hazardous materials at TSD facilities, including controlling leaks and spills, material-handling equipment, and shipping and transporting containers.
  • Describe employee and emergency response training requirements at TSD facilities.
  • Describe the primary criteria to determine if the TSD employer uses an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) or an Emergency Response Plan (ERP).

4. HAZWOPER For Emergency Responders

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Discuss the six “HAZMAT” activities for emergency responders.
  • Contrast the difference between incidental releases and uncontrolled releases.
  • Discuss the components of an Emergency Response Plan.
  • Describe the Incident Command System (ICS) structure.
  • Identify ICS command staff and general staff positions.
  • Discuss the requirements for chemical-protective clothing for emergency responders.
  • Describe post-emergency-response training requirements for on-site and off-site employees

5. Brownfields and Clandestine Drug Labs

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Define and describe the key characteristic of a “brownfield” site.
  • Describe the hazards typically found on a brownfield site.
  • Describe how HAZWOPER requirements apply to brownfields.
  • Describe how HAZWOPER requirements apply to clandestine drug labs.
  • Describe emergency response and post-emergency cleanup operations related to brownfield sites and clandestine drug labs.

5. Handling Drums and Containers

Learning objectives in this module:

    • Discuss the importance of properly handling drums and containers containing hazardous substances.
    • Describe the procedures for identifying the contents of drums and containers.
    • Describe the procedures and best practices for inspecting drums and containers.
    • Discuss how to determine drum and container integrity.
    • Discuss the important precautions and equipment requirements when excavating and handling drums and containers.
    • Discuss methods on how to sample drums and containers.
    • Describe procedures for handling radioactive and shock sensitive wastes.
    • Describe the procedures for using laboratory waste packs.
    • Discuss the methods used to characterize hazardous waste and conduct compatibility testing

6. HAZWOPER Safety and Health Program

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Describe the elements of the organizational structure.
  • List the methods used to control hazards in a preliminary site evaluation.
  • Discuss what must be included in the detailed evaluation of the site
  • Discuss the importance of the Health and Safety Plan (HASP) and the elements it must address.
  • Define “task hazard analysis,” and discuss why it may be the most critical component of the site HASP.
  • Describe the “buddy system” and how it can assist in the rescue of employees.
  • Discuss the requirements of employee training.
  • Describe the “initial training” both supervisors and employees must receive.
  • Discuss the hands-on training requirement and why it is critically important.
  • Discuss medical surveillance requirements for workers performing cleanup operations.
  • Discuss what the employer must give a physician that is examining an employee.
  • Describe when it is necessary for an employee to receive a medical exam.
  • Describe the controls and work practices an employer must use to reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below PELs.
  • Discuss when it is necessary for employers to provide employees with PPE.
  • Describe the four levels of respiratory protection.
  • Discuss why PPE must be evaluated for each task and not for the site.
  • Describe “exposure monitoring” and the hazard it is intended to address.
  • Discuss how employers must safely handle hazardous materials.
  • Describe what an employee must do before leaving the work area.

7. Planning and Organization

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Discuss what an organizational structure should do.
  • List the steps that should be taken in formulating a comprehensive work plan.
  • List the elements of a site safety plan.
  • Discuss the purpose of safety meetings.
  • Describe the guidelines that should be observed to ensure the effectiveness of inspections.
  • List the factors that must be considered when determining the frequency of inspections.

8. Training

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Define the objectives of training programs for employees involved in hazardous waste site activities.
  • Discuss the training necessary for different categories of jobs.
  • Discuss the training an emergency responder must receive based on the duties the responder will be expected to perform.
  • Describe the necessary qualifications for an emergency response trainer.

9. Introduction to Hazard Identification and Control

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Describe the goal of hazard identification and control and give examples of hazards to which employees may be exposed on hazardous waste sites.
  • State OSHA’s definition of a “hazard,” and give examples.
  • Discuss the employer’s obligation to provide a safe workplace, free of “recognized” and “foreseeable” hazards.
  • Define physical, environmental, and potential “exposure” to hazards, and give examples.
  • Describe the 13 hazard categories and give examples of each.
  • Describe the “Hierarchy of Controls,” strategy for controlling hazards on hazardous waste sites, TSD facilities, and during emergency response.

10. Introduction to Hazardous Substances

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Contrast EPA and OSHA definitions of “hazardous substances.”
  • Describe EPA’s criteria for designating a hazardous substance as a “solid waste.”
  • Discuss the four characteristics of hazardous waste under RCRA: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity.
  • Describe and give examples of the nine classes of DOT “hazardous materials.”
  • Contrast the definition of “hazardous chemical” with hazardous substance, hazardous marterial, and hazardous waste.
  • Give examples of the various types of hazardous chemicals.
  • Contrast “flammable” and “combustible” hazards. Give examples of both.
  • Discuss the characteristics of oxidizers, corrosives, reactives and explosives.
  • Describe various types of “natural hazards” to which hazardous waste workers may be exposed and how to protect against them.

11. Physical Properties of Hazardous Substances

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Discuss the following physical properties of hazardous substances: boiling point, vapor pressure, vapor density, density/specific gravity, solubility, melting point, and flashpoint.
  • Discuss how the boiling point of a hazardous substance can affect the route of entry with exposure.
  • Discuss how vapor pressure can influence the hazardous nature of substances.
  • Discuss how vapor density will affect the dispersement of a hazardous gas or vapor when it is released.
  • Discuss how the density/specific gravity of a substance affects its dispersement in water.
  • Discuss how solubility will affect the ability of a substance to disperse in a liquid.
  • Discuss how a substance’s melting point will affect the substances’ characteristics when it changes phases.

12. Toxicology

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Define “toxicology” and why toxicological studies are important in protecting workers.
  • Describe the six areas of applied toxicology.
  • List and describe the seven categories of toxic agents and give examples of each.
  • Describe the four primary routes of entry into the body when exposed to a hazardous substance.
  • Discuss the various effects/symptoms that may manifest when being exposed to hazardous substances.
  • Define “dose” and discuss the three types of doses.
  • Discuss the relationship between dose and response.
  • Discuss the variables related to dose when determining consequences.
  • Discuss the effects of exposure to toxics including immediate, delayed, local, systemic, reversible and irreversible effects.
  • Discuss the various symptoms of exposure to toxic substances that might be encountered on the worksite.
  • Discuss how toxicity, routes of exposure, dose, duration, reaction/interaction, and individual differences determine the degree of risk to workers.

13. Health Hazards

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Discuss when an employer must have a hearing conservation program.
  • Define and give examples of ionizing radiation.
  • Discuss the characteristics of alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays.
  • Describe the sources for the various types of ionizing radiation.
  • Define and give examples of non-ionizing radiation.
  • Discuss protection strategies to reduce excessive exposure to radiation.
  • Describe asbestos and the health risks associated with it.
  • Discuss the classification system for asbestos work requirements.
  • List the control methods an employer must use to comply with PEL, STEL, and DEQ/LRAP rules when working with asbestos.

14. General Responsibilities

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Describe the purpose, scope, and application of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS).
  • Give examples of situations in which the HCS standard does and does not apply.
  • Describe the requirements for manufacturer, distributor, and importers to evaluate chemicals.
  • Discuss the three-step chemical “classification” process.
  • Describe best practices for handling chemicals in sealed containers.

15. Analyzing the Workplace

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Discuss the importance of conducting an initial assessment of chemicals on the worksite.
  • Discuss the differences between OSHA’s definition of “substances” and “hazardous chemicals.”
  • List the effects of exposure to physical and health hazards, and give examples of each.
  • List and give examples of the various forms of hazardous chemicals.
  • Discuss the factors that determine the effects chemicals have on various organs.
  • Describe the four primary routes of entry of chemicals into the body.
  • State the five “Hierarchy of Controls” strategies for controlling chemical hazards.

16. Chemical Hazards in Construction

Learning objectives in this module:

  • List common health and physical hazards found on worksites.
  • Discuss general safety precautions and best practices when handling chemicals on worksites.
  • List the tasks that commonly expose workers to lead.
  • Define and discuss “action level,” “permissible exposure limit (PEL),” AND “trigger tasks” for exposure to lead.
  • Describe protective measures to reduce exposure to lead below the action level.
  • Discuss exposure to methylene chloride and the hazard control strategies to protect employees from over-exposure.
  • Describe the properties of hexavalent chromium, its industrial sources, hazards from exposure, and safety precautions.

17. Container Labeling

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Describe the labeling requirements for Shipped Container labels.
  • Identify the information required on a Workplace or Secondary container labels.
  • Describe alternative labeling methods such as NFPA and HMIS labels.
  • Discuss the criteria for portable containers.
  • Describe the requirements for labeling solid materials.
  • Identify and give examples of GHS pictograms used in conjunction with labels.

18. Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Describe the purpose of the safety data sheet.
  • List persons who are required to develop, distribute, and maintain SDSs.
  • Given a list of the 16 sections of a typical SDS, discuss each sections’ purpose.
  • Give examples of information that would be included in each section of an SDS.
  • Discuss employer responsibilities for maintaining and managing SDSs.

19. Information and Training

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Discuss when employers must provide HCS training to employees.
  • Identify the three HCS information topics the employer must provide to employees.
  • Identify the four training topic areas the employer must provide to employees.
  • Identify the three HCS knowledge areas the employer is required to evaluate after training.
  • Describe the various methods for conducting HCS instruction and training.
  • Discuss the requirements for training new hires and temporary employees.
  • Discuss HCS training for emergencies and identify when Emergency Response Plans are required.
  • Distinguish between incidental and uncontrolled releases of hazardous chemicals.

20. Site Characterization - Off-site

Learning objectives in this module:

  • State the purpose of initial off-site characterization.
  • State the three phases of initial site characterization.
  • Discuss the purpose of the preliminary off-site evaluation.
  • Describe the actions required by the qualified person conducting perimeter reconnaissance.
  • Describe indicators of potential IDLH and other dangerous conditions that might be observed during the offsite characterization.
  • Give examples of possible IDLH conditions and the appropriate PPE required for use in such conditions.
  • Describe the various sources of information about existing and potential hazards on-site.
  • Discuss the PPE strategies to protect entry personnel based on the findings of the preliminary evaluation.

21. Site Characterization - On-site Survey

Learning objectives in this module:

  • State the purpose of the on-site survey.
  • Discuss monitoring requirements during initial site entry.
  • Discuss the importance of proper documentation and document control.
  • Describe the use of logbooks and photographs in documenting the findings of on-site surveys.
  • Describe the best practices for properly labeling samples.

22. Hazard Identification, Analysis, and Monitoring

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Describe the actual and potential hazards to which entry personnel may be exposed.
  • Describe ACGIH’s Threshold Limit Value (TLV) and how it is used in helping to determine the level of worker protection.
  • Describe OSHA’s Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and how it is used to help determine the level of worker protection.
  • Describe NIOSH’s Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) and its use in conjunction with OSHA’s PEL.
  • Describe the definitions of IDHL, as used by NIOSH, MSHA, and ANSI.
  • Describe the hazards of potential skin absorption and irritation to entry personnel.
  • Describe the challenges of determining the hazards of eye irritation for entry personnel.
  • Describe explosion and flammability ranges, LEL/UEL and UFL/UFL, flashpoint, and ignition temperature.
  • Describe the best practices when conducting ongoing monitoring activities.

23. Air Monitoring

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Describe the four basic types of hazardous atmospheres to which personnel may be exposed on hazardous waste sites.
  • List the objectives of air monitoring.
  • Describe air monitoring requirements during site entry.
  • Describe air monitoring requirements during the response operation.
  • List and describe the two general methods of identifying airborne contaminants.
  • Discuss best practices for monitoring high-risk employees using personal and representative sampling.
  • Differentiate between air monitoring and air sampling strategies.
  • Describe the characteristics of air monitoring instruments.
  • Discuss the use of direct-reading instruments (DRIs) and give examples of types of DRIs.
  • Discuss the best practices when conducting air sampling.
  • Describe the different types of air sampling equipment and media.

24. General Monitoring Practices

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Define and discuss the “sampling pattern” process.
  • Discuss the process of conducting perimeter monitoring.
  • Discuss the two primary reasons for conducting periodic monitoring.
  • Describe the purpose for and process for conducting personal monitoring.
  • Describe the purpose of and need for a long-term air monitoring program.
  • List and discuss the variables involved with conducting hazardous waste site air monitoring.
  • State the objective of conducting vapor/gas concentrations to determine the appropriate level of PPE protection.
  • Discuss factors to consider when using vapor/gas concentrations.
  • Describe Level A, B, C, and D Protection requirements.

25. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Basics

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Identify the two primary OSHA and EPA HAZWOPER regulations which include requirements for PPE.
  • Identify the elements of an effective PPE program.
  • Discuss the various types of respirators and their use.
  • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type of respirator.
  • Define and describe respirator protection factors.
  • Discuss how respirator protection factors can be compromised.
  • Describe the use, advantages and disadvantages, of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) and Supplied-Air Respirators.
  • Describe Air-Purifying Respirators and the situation in which they are used.
  • Discuss the warning properties of hazardous substances when using Air-Purifying Respirators.

26. Selection of Protective Clothing and Accessories

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Discuss the characteristics of fully-encapsulating and non-encapsulating suites.
  • Discuss the purpose and use of aprons, leggings, flame/fire retardant coveralls, and sleeve protectors.
  • Discuss the protective clothing typically used by firefighters.
  • Describe the use of proximity garments (approach suits) and cooling garments.
  • Describe the purpose and use of blast and fragmentation suits and radiation-contamination protective suits.
  • Discuss the purpose of floatation gear (life jackets and work vests).
  • Describe important considerations when selecting head, face, hand and arm, and foot protection.

27. Selecting Chemical-Protective Clothing (CPC)

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • List and describe the three primary characteristics of chemical-protective clothing.
  • Define “permeation,” “degradation,” “breakthrough time,” and “penetration,” and how each affects the protection factor of CPC.
  • Discuss the challenges of using CPC to protect workers exposed to chemical mixtures.
  • Give an example of the heat transfer characteristics of CPC.
  • List how the following characteristics affect the protection factor of CPC: durability, flexibility, temperature effects, ease of decontamination, compatibility, and duration of use.
  • Describe the four EPA Levels of Protection (A, B, C, D) and give examples of the conditions hazardous waste sites when each level would be necessary.
  • Describe the requirements for periodic evaluation of PPE.
  • Describe PPE training requirements for hazardous waste site workers.

28. Ensemble Selection, Use, and Inspection

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Discuss the importance of considering work mission duration, ambient temperature, and air supply consumption before the start of work.
  • Describe possible causes for ensemble penetration.
  • Discuss how personal features of workers may jeopardize safety
  • Describe ensemble donning and doffing procedures.
  • Describe best practices while using PPE ensembles including changes which could affect the protection factor of the PPE.

29. CPC Inspection and Storage

Learning objectives in this module:

  • List and describe the five different types of PPE inspections.
  • Describe inspection items for inspecting protective clothing.
  • Describe inspection items for inspecting gloves.
  • Describe inspection items for SCBA, Supplied-Air Respirators, and Air-Purifying Respirators.
  • Describe storage requirements for clothing and respirators.
  • Describe the three levels of PPE maintenance.

30. Heat and Cold Stress

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Discuss factors causing heat stress.
  • Describe those factors which increase or decrease the likelihood for heat stress while wearing CPC.
  • Discuss the importance of determining safe work/rest periods while working on the hazardous waste site.
  • List and discuss environmental and personal factors which should be monitored during work, including permeability, heart rate, oral temperature, and body water loss.
  • List and give examples of signs and symptoms of heat stress.
  • Describe strategies for preventing heat stress in the workplace.
  • Describe how cold stress develops and the PPE to use work practices to prevent it while working.
  • Describe “hypothermia” and “frostbite” and how they develop.
  • Describe the strategies to prevent cold stress.

31. Site Control

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Describe the three reasons for the site control phase of hazardous waste operations.
  • List and describe the elements of a site control program.
  • Describe the components of an effective site map.
  • Discuss the steps in the site preparation phase.
  • Draw an accurate diagram of the three hazardous waste site zones.
  • Describe activities performed in the exclusion zone.
  • Describe the purpose and location of the contamination reduction zone.
  • Summarize the steps in establishing the Hotline.
  • Discuss the criteria and process for establishing the Support Zone

32. Site Security and Best Practices

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Discuss the purpose of site security and give at least three examples demonstrating how that purpose can be fulfilled.
  • Give at least five ways to maintain site security during normal working hours.
  • Define and describe internal and external communications methods and devices.
  • Discuss the importance of the “buddy system” on during hazardous waste site operations.
  • Discuss the importance of standing orders and give examples.
  • Describe best practices when operating heavy equipment on the hazardous waste site.

33. Decontamination

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Define “decontamination” and describe primary purpose of the process.
  • Summarize the steps in developing a decontamination Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
  • Discuss best practices for dressing before entering the Exclusion Zone.
  • Discuss the five factors that affect permeation.
  • Describe three decontamination strategies: physical removal, chemical removal, and combining physical and chemical removal.
  • Identify contaminants that may be eliminated through physical removal.
  • Describe chemical removal methods: dissolving contaminants, surfactants, solidification, rinsing, and disinfection/sterilization.
  • Summarize methods to test for the effectiveness of decontamination.
  • Discuss how the decontamination process might be hazardous to safety and health.
  • Describe sequence of stations n the decontamination line.
  • Give examples of decontamination equipment selected and used to decontaminate personnel.
  • Describe effective disposal methods of decontamination equipment.
  • Describe the primary points to remember during emergency decontamination.

34. Confined Space Safety Basics

Learning objectives in this module:

  • List and describe the three criteria to classify a space as a confined space.
  • List and describe the four additional criteria to classify a confined space as a permit-required confined space (PRCS).
  • Discuss the primary reasons confined space entry is required.
  • List and describe examples of confined spaces.
  • Give examples of the potential atmospheres that could be present within confined spaces.
  • Define and give an example of confined space entry.
  • Describe the importance of the O-F-T testing process when testing for hazardous atmospheres within a confined space.
  • Discuss the need for and components of the confined space entry permit.

35. Atmospheric Hazards

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Give examples of hazardous atmospheres the could be present within confined spaces.
  • Define and describe how oxygen-deficient and oxygen-enriched atmospheres may develop within confined spaces.
  • Discuss the dangers of combustible and flammable atmospheres within confined spaces.
  • Describe Lower/Upper Explosive/Flammability Limits (LEL/UEL and LFL/UFL), and why it is important to reduce concentrations below 10% LEL/LFL.
  • Describe the dangers of combustible dust within confined spaces and give examples.
  • Describe the common types of toxic gases within confined spaces.
  • Give examples of irritant/corrosive atmospheres that may develop within confined spaces.
  • Describe the specific O-F-T sampling procedure and why it is important to ensure accuracy of measurements.

36. Non-Atmospheric Hazards

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Give examples of physical hazards within confined spaces.
  • Discuss the precautions to take to prevent injury/illness from mechanical hazards within confined spaces.
  • Discuss how electrical hazards may develop within confined spaces and the importance of the Ground Assurance Program.
  • Give examples of how employees may be injured by impact or contact-by hazards within a confined space.
  • Discuss how work within confined spaces can cause ergonomic hazards.
  • Identify possible entrapment and engulfment hazards within confined spaces.
  • Give examples of general physical hazards such as scaffolding within confined spaces.

37. Controlling Confined Space Hazards

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Describe the five strategies in the “Hierarchy of Controls.”
  • Give examples of “elimination,” “substitution,” “engineering controls,” “administrative controls,” and “personal protective equipment” hazard control strategies.
  • Discuss the importance of adequate continuous forced-air ventilation as a hazard control strategy.
  • Discuss the use of respiratory protection as a hazard control strategy within confined spaces.

38. Confined Space Entry and Rescue

Learning objectives in this module:

  • List line and staff manager responsibilities in a confined space program.
  • Describe Confined Space Entry Supervisor duties and responsibilities.
  • Describe Confined Space Entrant duties and responsibilities.
  • Describe Confined Space Attendant duties and responsibilities.
  • Describe Confined Space Rescue Team duties and responsibilities.
  • Discuss confined space rescue operations and strategies to prevent rescuer fatalities.
  • Describe the three, primary confined space rescue strategies.
  • Differentiate between entry and non-entry rescue procedures.
  • List and describe confined space rescue and retrieval equipment.

39. Confined Space Training Requirements

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Discuss the “triggers” that require the need for confined space training.
  • List and describe the various topics required in confined space training.
  • List the topics for specific confined space training of entry team members required to test and monitor confined spaces.
  • Discuss confined space rescue team training requirements.
  • Discuss confined space training verification and documentation requirements.

40. Scaffold Safety

Learning objectives in this module:

  • List the types of accidents that can result from unsafe scaffolding procedures.
  • Discuss the requirements for scaffold training and retraining.
  • List and describe the use for the various types of supported and suspended scaffolds.
  • Discuss the various precautions to take while working on supported and suspended scaffolds.
  • Describe the purpose of aerial lifts and discuss training requirements.
  • List and describe the types of aerial lifts and related safe work practices.

41. Slips, Trips, and Falls

Learning objectives in this module:

  • State the “threshold height” requiring fall protection systems in construction generally and while working on scaffolds.
  • Discuss the recommended safety precautions to prevent slip, trip, and fall accidents.
  • Discuss the recommended safety precautions to prevent falls while working at elevation.
  • Describe the requirements to prevent falls through skylights, holes, and wall openings.
  • Discuss the need for good housekeeping to prevent slips, trips, and falls on the worksite.

42. Ladders and Stairways

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Discuss the training requirements to prevent falls while working on ladders.
  • Discuss the hazards ladders pose and the related safety precautions to prevent falls from ladders.
  • Discuss the requirements to reduce the hazards from stairways on the worksite.

43. Working with Electricity

Learning objectives in this module:

  • List and describe the most common causes of electrical injuries in construction.
  • Discuss the purpose of the lockout/tagout program and procedures for isolating electrical equipment.
  • Discuss the steps in safely restoring electrical equipment to service after maintenance has been completed.
  • Identify the requirements for “group lockout/tagout.”
  • Discuss the purpose and use of ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI).
  • Discuss the precautions to take while working near overhead powerlines.
  • List and describe general safety precautions while working on electrical equipment on construction sites.

44. Excavation and Trenching

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Identify the dangers associated with work in excavations and trenches.
  • Define “competent person” and describe the duties and responsibilities of the position.
  • Discuss safe access and egress from an excavation.
  • Discuss excavation inspection requirements.
  • Describe the safety equipment and protective systems (benching, sloping, shielding, and shoring) used to ensure worker safety while working in trenches.
  • Discuss the training topic requirements for excavation workers and competent persons.

45. Cranes and Rigging

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Discuss the types of accidents that are common when working with cranes and rigging.
  • List and describe best safety practices before and during the operation of heavy equipment including cranes and derricks.
  • Describe the precautions equipment operators and signal persons should take while operating heavy equipment.
  • Describe the general safety precautions for heavy equipment operations.
  • Discuss the elements within the crane and derrick training program to ensure worker safety.
  • Describe the operator certification procedures and options.

46. Powered Industrial Trucks, Heavy Vehicles, and Traffic Control

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Discuss the types of powered industrial trucks.
  • Describe the types of accidents common to forklifts.
  • Define “center of gravity” and how it affects the stability of forklifts.
  • Discuss safe practices when operating a forklift.
  • Describe forklift training requirements.
  • Discuss heavy vehicle safety equipment requirements.
  • Describe heavy vehicle operator safety practices and training requirements.
  • Discuss traffic control devices, safety clothing, and best practices

47. Bloodborne Pathogens

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Define and list the three main types of bloodborne pathogens.
  • Define and give examples of other potentially infectious materials (OPIM).
  • State the purpose and application of 29 CFR 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens.
  • Discuss the characteristics and symptoms of exposure to HBV, HCV, and HIV.
  • Discuss how bloodborne pathogen diseases may be spread.
  • Describe personal hygiene and good housekeeping practices to prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
  • Describe the employer’s Exposure Control Plan (ECP) and primary elements of the plan.
  • Describe hazard control strategies to help prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
  • Give examples of personal protective equipment used while being exposed to bloodborne pathogens.

48. Specific Emergency Responder and HAZMAT Training

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Summarize the training requirements for emergency responders.
  • Describe Level I First-Responder Awareness Level Training requirements.
  • Describe Level II First-Responder Operations Level Training requirements.
  • Describe Level III Hazardous Materials Technician Training.
  • Describe Level IV Hazardous Materials Specialist Training.
  • Describe Level V On-Scene Incident Commander Training.
  • Describe skilled support personnel and specialist employee training requirements.
  • Discuss the qualifications for those who conduct HAZWOPER training.
  • Describe training documentation requirements.

49. Handling Drums and Containers

Learning objectives in this module:

  • Discuss the importance of properly handling drums and containers containing hazardous substances.
  • Describe the procedures for identifying the contents of drums and containers.
  • Describe the procedures and best practices for inspecting drums and containers.
  • Discuss how to determine drum and container integrity.
  • Discuss the important precautions and equipment requirements when excavating and handling drums and containers.
  • Discuss methods on how to sample drums and containers.
  • Describe procedures for handling radioactive and shock sensitive wastes.
  • Describe the procedures for using laboratory waste packs.
  • Discuss the methods used to characterize hazardous waste and conduct compatibility testing.

50. Worker Rights and Protections

Learning objectives in this module include:

  • Discuss the primary employer responsibility under the “General Duty Clause” of the OSHA Act of 1970.
  • List basic worker rights established by the OSHA Act.
  • Discuss the application of the OSHA Act in State Plan and Federally-regulated states.
  • Describe the four industries covered by the OSHA Act.
  • Discuss each of the worker rights related to safe working conditions, obtaining information, participating in safety activities, reporting, and freedom from retaliation.

40 HOURS

Training Time

ASSESSMENTS

50 Quizzes

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OSHA Information and Disclaimer

Part Number: 1910
  • Part Number Title:
    Occupational Safety and Health Standards
  • Subpart:
    1910 Subpart H
  • Subpart Title:
    Hazardous Materials
  • Standard Number:
  • Title:
    Hazardous waste operations and emergency response.
  • GPO Source:
1910.120(a)
Scope, application, and definitions. —
1910.120(a)(1)
Scope. This section covers the following operations, unless the employer can demonstrate that the operation does not involve employee exposure or the reasonable possibility for employee exposure to safety or health hazards:
1910.120(a)(1)(i)
Clean-up operations required by a governmental body, whether Federal, state local or other involving hazardous substances that are conducted at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites (including, but not limited to, the EPA’s National Priority Site List (NPL), state priority site lists, sites recommended for the EPA NPL, and initial investigations of government identified sites which are conducted before the presence or absence of hazardous substances has been ascertained);
1910.120(a)(1)(ii)
Corrective actions involving clean-up operations at sites covered by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) as amended (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq);
1910.120(a)(1)(iii)
Voluntary clean-up operations at sites recognized by Federal, state, local or other governmental bodies as uncontrolled hazardous waste sites;
1910.120(a)(1)(iv)
Operations involving hazardous waste that are conducted at treatment, storage, disposal (TSD) facilities regulated by 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 pursuant to RCRA; or by agencies under agreement with U.S.E.P.A. to implement RCRA regulations; and
1910.120(a)(1)(v)
Emergency response operations for releases of, or substantial threats of releases of, hazardous substances without regard to the location of the hazard.
1910.120(a)(2)
Application.
1910.120(a)(2)(i)
All requirements of Part 1910 and Part 1926 of Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations apply pursuant to their terms to hazardous waste and emergency response operations whether covered by this section or not. If there is a conflict or overlap, the provision more protective of employee safety and health shall apply without regard to 29 CFR 1910.5(c)(1).
1910.120(a)(2)(ii)
Hazardous substance clean-up operations within the scope of paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iii) of this section must comply with all paragraphs of this section except paragraphs (p) and (q).
1910.120(a)(2)(iii)
Operations within the scope of paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section must comply only with the requirements of paragraph (p) of this section.

Notes and Exceptions:
1910.120(a)(2)(iii)(A)
All provisions of paragraph (p) of this section cover any treatment, storage or disposal (TSD) operation regulated by 40 CFR parts 264 and 265 or by state law authorized under RCRA, and required to have a permit or interim status from EPA pursuant to 40 CFR 270.1 or from a state agency pursuant to RCRA.
1910.120(a)(2)(iii)(B)

Employers who are not required to have a permit or interim status because they are conditionally exempt small quantity generators under 40 CFR 261.5 or are generators who qualify under 40 CFR 262.34 for exemptions from regulation under 40 CFR parts 264, 265 and 270 (“excepted employers”) are not covered by paragraphs (p)(1) through (p)(7) of this section. Excepted employers who are required by the EPA or state agency to have their employees engage in emergency response or who direct their employees to engage in emergency response are covered by paragraph (p)(8) of this section, and cannot be exempted by (p)(8)(i) of this section.

1910.120(a)(2)(iii)(C)
If an area is used primarily for treatment, storage or disposal, any emergency response operations in that area shall comply with paragraph (p) (8) of this section. In other areas not used primarily for treatment, storage, or disposal, any emergency response operations shall comply with paragraph (q) of this section. Compliance with the requirements of paragraph (q) of this section shall be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) of this section.
1910.120(a)(2)(iv)
Emergency response operations for releases of, or substantial threats of releases of, hazardous substances which are not covered by paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section must only comply with the requirements of paragraph (q) of this section.
1910.120(a)(3)

Definitions —

Buddy system means a system of organizing employees into work groups in such a manner that each employee of the work group is designated to be observed by at least one other employee in the work group. The purpose of the buddy system is to provide rapid assistance to employees in the event of an emergency.

Clean-up operation means an operation where hazardous substances are removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized,d stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal of making the site safer for people or the environment.

Decontamination means the removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude the occurrence of foreseeable adverse health effects.

Emergency response or responding to emergencies means a response effort by employees from outside the immediate release area or by other designated responders (i.e., mutual aid groups, local fire departments, etc.) to an occurrence which results, or is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance. Responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances where the substance can be absorbed, neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate release area, or by maintenance personnel are not considered to be emergency responses within the scope of this standard. Responses to releases of hazardous substances where there is no potential safety or health hazard (i.e., fire, explosion, or chemical exposure) are not considered to be emergency responses.

Facility means (A) any building, structure, installation, equipment, pipe or pipeline (including any pipe into a sewer or publicly owned treatment works), well, pit, pond, lagoon, impoundment, ditch, storage container, motor vehicle, rolling stock, or aircraft, or (B) any site or area where a hazardous substance has been deposited, stored, disposed of, or placed, or otherwise come to be located; but does not include any consumer product in consumer use or any water-borne vessel.

Hazardous materials response (HAZMAT) team means an organized group of employees, designated by the employer, who are expected to perform work to handle and control actual or potential leaks or spills of hazardous substances requiring possible close approach to the substance. The team members perform responses to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances for the purpose of control or stabilization of the incident. A HAZMAT team is not a fire brigade nor is a typical fire brigade a HAZMAT team. A HAZMAT team, however, may be a separate component of a fire brigade or fire department.

Hazardous substance means any substance designated or listed under (A) through (D) of this definition, exposure to which results or may result in adverse effects on the health or safety of employees:

[A] Any substance defined under section 103(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (42 U.S.C. 9601).

[B] Any biologic agent and other disease causing agent which after release into the environment and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any person, either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will or may reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical deformations in such persons or their offspring.

[C] Any substance listed by the U.S. Department of Transportation as hazardous materials under 49 CFR 172.101 and appendices; and

[D] Hazardous waste as herein defined.

Hazardous waste means —

[A] A waste or combination of wastes as defined in 40 CFR 261.3, or

[B] Those substances defined as hazardous wastes in 49 CFR 171.8.

Hazardous waste operation means any operation conducted within the scope of this standard.

Hazardous waste site or Site means any facility or location within the scope of this standard at which hazardous waste operations take place.

Health hazard means a chemical or a pathogen where acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. It also includes stress due to temperature extremes. The term health hazard includes chemicals that are classified in accordance with the Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200, as posing one of the following hazardous effects: Acute toxicity (any route of exposure); skin corrosion or irritation; serious eye damage or eye irritation; respiratory or skin sensitization; germ cell mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; reproductive toxicity; specific target organ toxicity (single or repeated exposure); aspiration toxicity or simple asphyxiant. (See Appendix A to § 1910.1200—Health Hazard Criteria (Mandatory) for the criteria for determining whether a chemical is classified as a health hazard.)

IDLH or Immediately dangerous to life or health means an atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life or would interfere with an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.

Oxygen deficiency means that concentration of oxygen by volume below which atmosphere supplying respiratory protection must be provided. It exists in atmospheres where the percentage of oxygen by volume is less than 19.5 percent oxygen.

Permissible exposure limit means the exposure, inhalation or dermal permissible exposure limit specified in 29 CFR Part 1910, Subparts G and Z.

Published exposure level means the exposure limits published in “NIOSH Recommendations for Occupational Health Standards” dated 1986, which is incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6, or if none is specified, the exposure limits published in the standards specified by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in their publication “Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1987-88” dated 1987, which is incorporated by reference as specified in § 1910.6.

Post emergency response means that portion of an emergency response performed after the immediate threat of a release has been stabilized or eliminated and clean-up of the site has begun. If post emergency response is performed by an employer’s own employees who were part of the initial emergency response, it is considered to be part of the initial response and not post emergency response. However, if a group of an employer’s own employees, separate from the group providing initial response, performs the clean-up operation, then the separate group of employees would be considered to be performing post-emergency response and subject to paragraph (q)(11) of this section.

Qualified person means a person with specific training, knowledge and experience in the area for which the person has the responsibility and the authority to control.

Site safety and health supervisor (or official) means the individual located on a hazardous waste site who is responsible to the employer and has the authority and knowledge necessary to implement the site safety and health plan and verify compliance with applicable safety and health requirements.

Small quantity generator means a generator of hazardous wastes who in any calendar month generates no more than 1,000 kilograms (2,205) pounds of hazardous waste in that month.

Uncontrolled hazardous waste site means an area identified as an uncontrolled hazardous waste site by a governmental body, whether Federal, state, local or other where an accumulation of hazardous substances creates a threat to the health and safety of individuals or the environment or both. Some sites are found on public lands such as those created by former municipal, county or state landfills where illegal or poorly managed waste disposal has taken place. Other sites are found on private property, often belonging to generators or former generators of hazardous substance wastes. Examples of such sites include, but are not limited to, surface impoundments, landfills, dumps, and tank or drum farms. Normal operations at TSD sites are not covered by this definition.

1910.120(b)
Safety and health program.

NOTE TO (b): Safety and health programs developed and implemented to meet other federal, state, or local regulations are considered acceptable in meeting this requirement if they cover or are modified to cover the topics required in this paragraph. An additional or separate safety and health program is not required by this paragraph.
1910.120(b)(1)
General.
1910.120(b)(1)(i)
Employers shall develop and implement a written safety and health program for their employees involved in hazardous waste operations. The program shall be designed to identify, evaluate, and control safety and health hazards, and provide for emergency response for hazardous waste operations.
1910.120(b)(1)(ii)
The written safety and health program shall incorporate the following:
1910.120(b)(1)(ii)(A)
An organizational structure;
1910.120(b)(1)(ii)(B)
A comprehensive workplan;
1910.120(b)(1)(ii)(C)
A site-specific safety and health plan which need not repeat the employer’s standard operating procedures required in paragraph (b)(1)(ii)(F) of this section;
1910.120(b)(1)(ii)(D)
The safety and health training program;
1910.120(b)(1)(ii)(E)
The medical surveillance program;
1910.120(b)(1)(ii)(F)
The employer’s standard operating procedures for safety and health; and
1910.120(b)(1)(ii)(G)
Any necessary interface between general program and site specific activities.
1910.120(b)(1)(iii)
Site excavation. Site excavations created during initial site preparation or during hazardous waste operations shall be shored or sloped as appropriate to prevent accidental collapse in accordance with Subpart P of 29 CFR Part 1926.
1910.120(b)(1)(iv)
Contractors and sub-contractors. An employer who retains contractor or sub-contractor services for work in hazardous waste operations shall inform those contractors, sub-contractors, or their representatives of the site emergency response procedures and any potential fire, explosion, health, safety or other hazards of the hazardous waste operation that have been identified by the employer’s information program.
1910.120(b)(1)(v)
Program availability. The written safety and health program shall be made available to any contractor or subcontractor or their representative who will be involved with the hazardous waste operation; to employees; to employee designated representatives; to OSHA personnel, and to personnel of other Federal, state, or local agencies with regulatory authority over the site.
1910.120(b)(2)
Organizational structure part of the site program. —
1910.120(b)(2)(i)
The organizational structure part of the program shall establish the specific chain of command and specify the overall responsibilities of supervisors and employees. It shall include, at a minimum, the following elements:
1910.120(b)(2)(i)(A)
A general supervisor who has the responsibility and authority to direct all hazardous waste operations.
1910.120(b)(2)(i)(B)
A site safety and health supervisor who has the responsibility and authority to develop and implement the site safety and health plan and verify compliance.
1910.120(b)(2)(i)(C)
All other personnel needed for hazardous waste site operations and emergency response and their general functions and responsibilities.
1910.120(b)(2)(i)(D)
The lines of authority, responsibility, and communication.
1910.120(b)(2)(ii)
The organizational structure shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect the current status of waste site operations.
1910.120(b)(3)
Comprehensive workplan part of the site program. The comprehensive workplan part of the program shall address the tasks and objectives of the site operations and the logistics and resources required to reach those tasks and objectives.
1910.120(b)(3)(i)
The comprehensive workplan shall address anticipated clean-up activities as well as normal operating procedures which need not repeat the employer’s procedures available elsewhere.
1910.120(b)(3)(ii)
The comprehensive workplan shall define work tasks and objectives and identify the methods for accomplishing those tasks and objectives.
1910.120(b)(3)(iii)
The comprehensive workplan shall establish personnel requirements for implementing the plan.
1910.120(b)(3)(iv)
The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the implementation of the training required in paragraph (e) of this section.
1910.120(b)(3)(v)
The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the implementation of the required informational programs required in paragraph (i) of this section.
1910.120(b)(3)(vi)
The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the implementation of the medical surveillance program described in paragraph (f) if this section.
1910.120(b)(4)
Site-specific safety and health plan part of the program. —
1910.120(b)(4)(i)
General. The site safety and health plan, which must be kept on site, shall address the safety and health hazards of each phase of site operation and include the requirements and procedures for employee protection.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)
Elements. The site safety and health plan, as a minimum, shall address the following:
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(A)
A safety and health risk or hazard analysis for each site task and operation found in the workplan.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(B)
Employee training assignments to assure compliance with paragraph (e) of this section.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(C)
Personal protective equipment to be used by employees for each of the site tasks and operations being conducted as required by the personal protective equipment program in paragraph (g)(5) of this section.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(D)
Medical surveillance requirements in accordance with the program in paragraph (f) of this section.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(E)
Frequency and types of air monitoring, personnel monitoring, and environmental sampling techniques and instrumentation to be used, including methods of maintenance and calibration of monitoring and sampling equipment to be used.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(F)
Site control measures in accordance with the site control program required in paragraph (d) of this section.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(G)
Decontamination procedures in accordance with paragraph (k) of this section.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(H)
An emergency response plan meeting the requirements of paragraph (l) of this section for safe and effective responses to emergencies, including the necessary PPE and other equipment.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(I)
Confined space entry procedures.
1910.120(b)(4)(ii)(J)
A spill containment program meeting the requirements of paragraph (j) of this section.
1910.120(b)(4)(iii)
Pre-entry briefing. The site specific safety and health plan shall provide for pre-entry briefings to be held prior to initiating any site activity, and at such other times as necessary to ensure that employees are apprised of the site safety and health plan and that this plan is being followed. The information and data obtained from site characterization and analysis work required in paragraph (c) of this section shall be used to prepare and update the site safety and health plan.
1910.120(b)(4)(iv)
Effectiveness of site safety and health plan. Inspections shall be conducted by the site safety and health supervisor or, in the absence of that individual, another individual who is knowledgeable in occupational safety and health, acting on behalf of the employer as necessary to determine the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan. Any deficiencies in the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan shall be corrected by the employer.
1910.120(c)
Site characterization and analysis —
1910.120(c)(1)
General. Hazardous waste sites shall be evaluated in accordance with this paragraph to identify specific site hazards and to determine the appropriate safety and health control procedures needed to protect employees from the identified hazards.
1910.120(c)(2)
Preliminary evaluation. A preliminary evaluation of a site’s characteristics shall be performed prior to site entry by a qualified person in order to aid in the selection of appropriate employee protection methods prior to site entry. Immediately after initial site entry, a more detailed evaluation of the site’s specific characteristics shall be performed by a qualified person in order to further identify existing site hazards and to further aid in the selection of the appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment for the tasks to be performed.
1910.120(c)(3)
Hazard identification. All suspected conditions that may pose inhalation or skin absorption hazards that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) or other conditions that may cause death or serious harm shall be identified during the preliminary survey and evaluated during the detailed survey. Examples of such hazards include, but are not limited to, confined space entry, potentially explosive or flammable situations, visible vapor clouds, or areas where biological indicators such as dead animals or vegetation are located.
1910.120(c)(4)
Required information. The following information to the extent available shall be obtained by the employer prior to allowing employees to enter a site:
1910.120(c)(4)(i)
Location and approximate size of the site.
1910.120(c)(4)(ii)
Description of the response activity and/or the job task to be performed.
1910.120(c)(4)(iii)
Duration of the planned employee activity.
1910.120(c)(4)(iv)
Site topography and accessibility by air and roads.
1910.120(c)(4)(v)
Safety and health hazards expected at the site.
1910.120(c)(4)(vi)
Pathways for hazardous substance dispersion.
1910.120(c)(4)(vii)
Present status and capabilities of emergency response teams that would provide assistance to on-site employees at the time of an emergency.
1910.120(c)(4)(viii)
Hazardous substances and health hazards involved or expected at the site and their chemical and physical properties.
1910.120(c)(5)
Personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be provided and used during initial site entry in accordance with the following requirements:
1910.120(c)(5)(i)
Based upon the results of the preliminary site evaluation, an ensemble of PPE shall be selected and used during initial site entry which will provide protection to a level of exposure below permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels for known or suspected hazardous substances and health hazards and which will provide protection against other known and suspected hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation. If there is no permissible exposure limit or published exposure level, the employer may use other published studies and information as a guide to appropriate personal protective equipment.
1910.120(c)(5)(ii)
If positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is not used as part of the entry ensemble, and if respiratory protection is warranted by the potential hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation, an escape self-contained breathing apparatus of at least five minute’s duration shall be carried by employees during initial site entry.
1910.120(c)(5)(iii)
If the preliminary site evaluation does not produce sufficient information to identify the hazards or suspected hazards of the site an ensemble providing equivalent to Level B PPE shall be provided as minimum protection, and direct reading instruments shall be used as appropriate for identifying IDLH conditions. (See Appendix B for guidelines on Level B protective equipment.)
1910.120(c)(5)(iv)
Once the hazards of the site have been identified, the appropriate PPE shall be selected and used in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
1910.120(c)(6)
Monitoring. The following monitoring shall be conducted during initial site entry when the site evaluation produces information which shows the potential for ionizing radiation or IDLH conditions, or when the site information is not sufficient reasonably to eliminate these possible conditions:
1910.120(c)(6)(i)
Monitoring with direct reading instruments for hazardous levels of ionizing radiation.
1910.120(c)(6)(ii)
Monitoring the air with appropriate direct reading test equipment for (i.e., combustible gas meters, detector tubes) for IDLH and other conditions that may cause death or serious harm (combustible or explosive atmospheres, oxygen deficiency, toxic substances.)
1910.120(c)(6)(iii)
Visually observing for signs of actual or potential IDLH or other dangerous conditions.
1910.120(c)(6)(iv)
An ongoing air monitoring program in accordance with paragraph (h) of this section shall be implemented after site characterization has determined the site is safe for the start-up of operations.
1910.120(c)(7)
Risk identification. Once the presence and concentrations of specific hazardous substances and health hazards have been established, the risks associated with these substances shall be identified. Employees who will be working on the site shall be informed of any risks that have been identified. In situations covered by the Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200, training required by that standard need not be duplicated.

NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (c)(7). – Risks to consider include, but are not limited to:

[a] Exposures exceeding the permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels.
[b] IDLH Concentrations.
[c] Potential Skin Absorption and Irritation Sources.
[d] Potential Eye Irritation Sources.
[e] Explosion Sensitivity and Flammability Ranges.
[f] Oxygen deficiency.
1910.120(c)(8)
Employee notification. Any information concerning the chemical, physical, and toxicologic properties of each substance known or expected to be present on site that is available to the employer and relevant to the duties an employee is expected to perform shall be made available to the affected employees prior to the commencement of their work activities. The employer may utilize information developed for the hazard communication standard for this purpose.
1910.120(d)
Site control. —
1910.120(d)(1)
General. Appropriate site control procedures shall be implemented to control employee exposure to hazardous substances before clean-up work begins.
1910.120(d)(2)
Site control program. A site control program for protecting employees which is part of the employer’s site safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section shall be developed during the planning stages of a hazardous waste clean-up operation and modified as necessary as new information becomes available.
1910.120(d)(3)

Elements of the site control program. The site control program shall, as a minimum, include: A site map; site work zones; the use of a “buddy system”; site communications including alerting means for emergencies; the standard operating procedures or safe work practices; and, identification of the nearest medical assistance. Where these requirements are covered elsewhere they need not be repeated.

1910.120(e)
Training. —
1910.120(e)(1)(i)
All employees working on site (such as but not limited to equipment operators, general laborers and others) exposed to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards and their supervisors and management responsible for the site shall receive training meeting the requirements of this paragraph before they are permitted to engage in hazardous waste operations that could expose them to hazardous substances, safety, or health hazards, and they shall receive review training as specified in this paragraph.
1910.120(e)(1)(ii)
Employees shall not be permitted to participate in or supervise field activities until they have been trained to a level required by their job function and responsibility.
1910.120(e)(2)
Elements to be covered. The training shall thoroughly cover the following:
1910.120(e)(2)(i)
Names of personnel and alternates responsible for site safety and health;
1910.120(e)(2)(ii)
Safety, health and other hazards present on the site;
1910.120(e)(2)(iii)
Use of personal protective equipment;
1910.120(e)(2)(iv)
Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from hazards;
1910.120(e)(2)(v)
Safe use of engineering controls and equipment on the site;
1910.120(e)(2)(vi)
Medical surveillance requirements including recognition of symptoms and signs which might indicate over exposure to hazards; and
1910.120(e)(2)(vii)
The contents of paragraphs (G) through (J) of the site safety and health plan set forth in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section.
1910.120(e)(3)
Initial training.
1910.120(e)(3)(i)
General site workers (such as equipment operators, general laborers and supervisory personnel) engaged in hazardous substance removal or other activities which expose or potentially expose workers to hazardous substances and health hazards shall receive a minimum of 40 hours of instruction off the site, and a minimum of three days actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained experienced supervisor.
1910.120(e)(3)(ii)
Workers on site only occasionally for a specific limited task (such as, but not limited to, ground water monitoring, land surveying, or geophysical surveying) and who are unlikely to be exposed over permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site, and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.
1910.120(e)(3)(iii)
Workers regularly on site who work in areas which have been monitored and fully characterized indicating that exposures are under permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits where respirators are not necessary, and the characterization indicates that there are no health hazards or the possibility of an emergency developing, shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site, and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.
1910.120(e)(3)(iv)
Workers with 24 hours of training who are covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii) of this section, and who become general site workers or who are required to wear respirators, shall have the additional 16 hours and two days of training necessary to total the training specified in paragraph (e)(3)(i).
1910.120(e)(4)
Management and supervisor training. On-site management and supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees engaged in, hazardous waste operations shall receive 40 hours initial training, and three days of supervised field experience (the training may be reduced to 24 hours and one day if the only area of their responsibility is employees covered by paragraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii)) and at least eight additional hours of specialized training at the time of job assignment on such topics as, but not limited to, the employer’s safety and health program and the associated employee training program, personal protective equipment program, spill containment program, and health hazard monitoring procedure and techniques.
1910.120(e)(5)
Qualifications for trainers. Trainers shall be qualified to instruct employees about the subject matter that is being presented in training. Such trainers shall have satisfactorily completed a training program for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, or they shall have the academic credentials and instructional experience necessary for teaching the subjects. Instructors shall demonstrate competent instructional skills and knowledge of the applicable subject matter.
1910.120(e)(6)
Training certification. Employees and supervisors that have received and successfully completed the training and field experience specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall be certified by their instructor or the head instructor and trained supervisor as having completed the necessary training. A written certificate shall be given to each person so certified. Any person who has not been so certified or who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (e)(9) of this section shall be prohibited from engaging in hazardous waste operations.
1910.120(e)(7)
Emergency response. Employees who are engaged in responding to hazardous emergency situations at hazardous waste clean-up sites that may expose them to hazardous substances shall be trained in how to respond to such expected emergencies.
1910.120(e)(8)
Refresher training. Employees specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, and managers and supervisors specified in paragraph (e)(4) of this section, shall receive eight hours of refresher training annually on the items specified in paragraph (e)(2) and/or (e)(4) of this section, any critique of incidents that have occurred in the past year that can serve as training examples of related work, and other relevant topics.
1910.120(e)(9)
Equivalent training. Employers who can show by documentation or certification that an employee’s work experience and/or training has resulted in training equivalent to that training required in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(4) of this section shall not be required to provide the initial training requirements of those paragraphs to such employees and shall provide a copy of the certification or documentation to the employee upon request. However, certified employees or employees with equivalent training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site specific training before site entry and have appropriate supervised field experience at the new site. Equivalent training includes any academic training or the training that existing employees might have already received from actual hazardous waste site experience.
1910.120(f)
Medical surveillance —
1910.120(f)(1)
General. Employees engaged in operations specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section and not covered by (a)(2)(iii) exceptions and employers of employees specified in paragraph (q)(9) shall institute a medical surveillance program in accordance with this paragraph.
1910.120(f)(2)
Employees covered. The medical surveillance program shall be instituted by the employer for the following employees:
1910.120(f)(2)(i)
All employees who are or may be exposed to hazardous substances or health hazards at or above the established permissible exposure limit, above the published exposure levels for these substances, without regard to the use of respirators, for 30 days or more a year;
1910.120(f)(2)(ii)
All employees who wear a respirator for 30 days or more a year or as required by § 1910.134;
1910.120(f)(2)(iii)
All employees who are injured, become ill or develop signs or symptoms due to possible overexposure involving hazardous substances or health hazards from an emergency response or hazardous waste operation; and
1910.120(f)(2)(iv)
Members of HAZMAT teams.
1910.120(f)(3)
Frequency of medical examinations and consultations. Medical examinations and consultations shall be made available by the employer to each employee covered under paragraph (f)(2) of this section on the following schedules:
1910.120(f)(3)(i)
For employees covered under paragraphs (f)(2)(i), (f)(2)(ii), and (f)(2)(iv);
1910.120(f)(3)(i)(A)
Prior to assignment;
1910.120(f)(3)(i)(B)
At least once every twelve months for each employee covered unless the attending physician believes a longer interval (not greater than biennially) is appropriate;
1910.120(f)(3)(i)(C)
At termination of employment or reassignment to an area where the employee would not be covered if the employee has not had an examination within the last six months.
1910.120(f)(3)(i)(D)
As soon as possible upon notification by an employee that the employee has developed signs or symptoms indicating possible overexposure to hazardous substances or health hazards, or that the employee has been injured or exposed above the permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels in an emergency situation;
1910.120(f)(3)(i)(E)
At more frequent times, if the examining physician determines that an increased frequency of examination is medically necessary.
1910.120(f)(3)(ii)
For employees covered under paragraph (f)(2)(iii) and for all employees including of employers covered by paragraph (a)(1)(iv) who may have been injured, received a health impairment, developed signs or symptoms which may have resulted from exposure to hazardous substances resulting from an emergency incident, or exposed during an emergency incident to hazardous substances at concentrations above the permissible exposure limits or the published exposure levels without the necessary personal protective equipment being used:
1910.120(f)(3)(ii)(A)
As soon as possible following the emergency incident or development of signs or symptoms;
1910.120(f)(3)(ii)(B)
At additional times, if the examining physician determines that follow-up examinations or consultations are medically necessary.
1910.120(f)(4)
Content of medical examinations and consultations.
1910.120(f)(4)(i)
Medical examinations required by paragraph (f)(3) of this section shall include a medical and work history (or updated history if one is in the employee’s file) with special emphasis on symptoms related to the handling of hazardous substances and health hazards, and to fitness for duty including the ability to wear any required PPE under conditions (i.e., temperature extremes) that may be expected at the work site.
1910.120(f)(4)(ii)
The content of medical examinations or consultations made available to employees pursuant to paragraph (f) shall be determined by the attending physician. The guidelines in the Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities (See Appendix D, reference # 10) should be consulted.
1910.120(f)(5)
Examination by a physician and costs. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, preferably one knowledgeable in occupational medicine, and shall be provided without cost to the employee, without loss of pay, and at a reasonable time and place.
1910.120(f)(6)
Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide one copy of this standard and its appendices to the attending physician and in addition the following for each employee:
1910.120(f)(6)(i)
A description of the employee’s duties as they relate to the employee’s exposures,
1910.120(f)(6)(ii)
The employee’s exposure levels or anticipated exposure levels.
1910.120(f)(6)(iii)
A description of any personal protective equipment used or to be used.
1910.120(f)(6)(iv)
Information from previous medical examinations of the employee which is not readily available to the examining physician.
1910.120(f)(6)(v)
Information required by §1910.134.
1910.120(f)(7)
Physician’s written opinion.
1910.120(f)(7)(i)
The employer shall obtain and furnish the employee with a copy of a written opinion from the examining physician containing the following:
1910.120(f)(7)(i)(A)
The physician’s opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions which would place the employee at increased risk of material impairment of the employee’s health from work in hazardous waste operations or emergency response, or from respirator use.
1910.120(f)(7)(i)(B)
The physician’s recommended limitations upon the employees assigned work.
1910.120(f)(7)(i)(C)
The results of the medical examination and tests if requested by the employee.
1910.120(f)(7)(i)(D)
A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the medical examination and any medical conditions which require further examination or treatment.
1910.120(f)(7)(ii)
The written opinion obtained by the employer shall not reveal specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure.
1910.120(f)(8)
Recordkeeping.
1910.120(f)(8)(i)
An accurate record of the medical surveillance required by paragraph (f) of this section shall be retained. This record shall be retained for the period specified and meet the criteria of 29 CFR 1910.1020.
1910.120(f)(8)(ii)
The record required in paragraph (f)(8)(i) of this section shall include at least the following information:
1910.120(f)(8)(ii)(A)

The name of the employee;

1910.120(f)(8)(ii)(B)
Physicians’ written opinions, recommended limitations and results of examinations and tests;
1910.120(f)(8)(ii)(C)
Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to hazardous substances;
1910.120(f)(8)(ii)(D)
A copy of the information provided to the examining physician by the employer, with the exception of the standard and its appendices.
1910.120(g)
Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for employee protection. Engineering controls, work practices and PPE for substances regulated in Subpart Z. (i) Engineering controls, work practices, personal protective equipment, or a combination of these shall be implemented in accordance with this paragraph to protect employees from exposure to hazardous substances and safety and health hazards.
1910.120(g)(1)
Engineering controls, work practices and PPE for substances regulated in Subparts G and Z.
1910.120(g)(1)(i)
Engineering controls and work practices shall be instituted to reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below the permissible exposure limits for substances regulated by 29 CFR Part 1910, to the extent required by Subpart Z, except to the extent that such controls and practices are not feasible.

NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (g)(1)(i): Engineering controls which may be feasible include the use of pressurized cabs or control booths on equipment, and/or the use of remotely operated material handling equipment. Work practices which may be feasible are removing all non-essential employees from potential exposure during opening of drums, wetting down dusty operations and locating employees upwind of possible hazards.
1910.120(g)(1)(ii)
Whenever engineering controls and work practices are not feasible, or not required, any reasonable combination of engineering controls, work practices and PPE shall be used to reduce and maintain to or below the permissible exposure limits or dose limits for substances regulated by 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z.
1910.120(g)(1)(iii)
The employer shall not implement a schedule of employee rotation as a means of compliance with permissible exposure limits or dose limits except when there is no other feasible way of complying with the airborne or dermal dose limits for ionizing radiation.
1910.120(g)(1)(iv)
The provisions of 29 CFR, subpart G, shall be followed.
1910.120(g)(2)
Engineering controls, work practices, and PPE for substances not regulated in Subparts G and Z. An appropriate combination of engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment shall be used to reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below published exposure levels for hazardous substances and health hazards not regulated by 29 CFR Part 1910, Subparts G and Z. The employer may use the published literature and SDS as a guide in making the employer’s determination as to what level of protection the employer believes is appropriate for hazardous substances and health hazards for which there is no permissible exposure limit or published exposure limit.
1910.120(g)(3)
Personal protective equipment selection.
1910.120(g)(3)(i)
Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be selected and used which will protect employees from the hazards and potential hazards they are likely to encounter as identified during the site characterization and analysis.
1910.120(g)(3)(ii)
Personal protective equipment selection shall be based on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the PPE relative to the requirements and limitations of the site, the task-specific conditions and duration, and the hazards and potential hazards identified at the site.
1910.120(g)(3)(iii)
Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, or positive pressure air-line respirators equipped with an escape air supply shall be used when chemical exposure levels present will create a substantial possibility of immediate death, immediate serious illness or injury, or impair the ability to escape.
1910.120(g)(3)(iv)
Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suits (protection equivalent to Level A protection as recommended in Appendix B) shall be used in conditions where skin absorption of a hazardous substance may result in a substantial possibility of immediate death, immediate serious illness or injury, or impair the ability to escape.
1910.120(g)(3)(v)
The level of protection provided by PPE selection shall be increased when additional informationor site conditions show that increased protection is necessary to reduce employee exposures below permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels for hazardous substances and health hazards. (See Appendix B for guidance on selecting PPE ensembles.)

NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (g)(3): The level of employee protection provided may be decreased when additional information or site conditions show that decreased protection will not result in hazardous exposures to employees.
1910.120(g)(3)(vi)
Personal protective equipment shall be selected and used to meet the requirements of 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart I, and additional requirements specified in this section.
1910.120(g)(4)
Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suits.
1910.120(g)(4)(i)
Totally-encapsulating suits shall protect employees from the particular hazards which are identified during site characterization and analysis.
1910.120(g)(4)(ii)
Totally-encapsulating suits shall be capable of maintaining positive air pressure. (See Appendix A for a test method which may be used to evaluate this requirement.)
1910.120(g)(4)(iii)
Totally-encapsulating suits shall be capable of preventing inward test gas leakage of more than 0.5 percent. (See Appendix A for a test method which may be used to evaluate this requirement.)
1910.120(g)(5)
Personal protective equipment (PPE) program. A personal protective equipment program, which is part of the employer’s safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section or required in paragraph (p)(1) of this section and which isalso a part of the site-specific safety and health plan shall be established. The PPE program shall address the elements listed below. When elements, such as donning and doffing procedures, are provided by the manufacturer of a piece of equipment and are attached to the plan, they need not be rewritten into the plan as long as they adequately address the procedure or element.
1910.120(g)(5)(i)
PPE selection based upon site hazards,
1910.120(g)(5)(ii)
PPE use and limitations of the equipment,
1910.120(g)(5)(iii)
Work mission duration,
1910.120(g)(5)(iv)
PPE maintenance and storage,
1910.120(g)(5)(v)
PPE decontamination and disposal,
1910.120(g)(5)(vi)
PPE training and proper fitting,
1910.120(g)(5)(vii)
PPE donning and doffing procedures,
1910.120(g)(5)(viii)
PPE inspection procedures prior to, during, and after use,
1910.120(g)(5)(ix)
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the PPE program, and
1910.120(g)(5)(x)
Limitations during temperature extremes, heat stress, and other appropriate medical considerations.
1910.120(h)
Monitoring. —
1910.120(h)(1)
General.
1910.120(h)(1)(i)
Monitoring shall be performed in accordance with this paragraph where there may be a question of employee exposure to hazardous concentrations of hazardous substances in order to assure proper selection of engineering controls, work practices and personal protective equipment so that employees are not exposed to levels which exceed permissible exposure limits, or published exposure levels if there are no permissible exposure limits, for hazardous substances.
1910.120(h)(1)(ii)
Air monitoring shall be used to identify and quantify airborne levels of hazardous substances and safety and health hazards in order to determine the appropriate level of employee protection needed on site.
1910.120(h)(2)
Initial entry. Upon initial entry, representative air monitoring shall be conducted to identify any IDLH condition, exposure over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels, exposure over a radioactive material’s dose limits or other dangerous condition such as the presence of flammable atmospheres, oxygen-deficient environments.
1910.120(h)(3)
Periodic monitoring. Periodic monitoring shall be conducted when the possibility of an IDLH condition or flammable atmosphere has developed or when there is indication that exposures may have risen over permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels since prior monitoring. Situations where it shall be considered whether the possibility that exposures have risen are as follows:
1910.120(h)(3)(i)
When work begins on a different portion of the site.
1910.120(h)(3)(ii)
When contaminants other than those previously identified are being handled.
1910.120(h)(3)(iii)
When a different type of operation is initiated (e.g., drum opening as opposed to exploratory well drilling.)
1910.120(h)(3)(iv)
When employees are handling leaking drums or containers or working in areas with obvious liquid contamination (e.g., a spill or lagoon.)
1910.120(h)(4)
Monitoring of high-risk employees. After the actual clean-up phase of any hazardous waste operation commences; for example, when soil, surface water or containers are moved or disturbed; the employer shall monitor those employees likely to have the highest exposures to those hazardous substances and health hazards likely to be present above permissible exposure limits or published exposure levels by using personal sampling frequently enough to characterize employee exposures. The employer may utilize a representative sampling approach by documenting that the employees and chemicals chosen for monitoring are based on the criteria stated in the first sentence of this paragraph. If the employees likely to have the highest exposure are over permissible exposure limits or published exposure limits, then monitoring shall continue to determine all employees likely to be above those limits. The employer may utilize a representative sampling approach by documenting that the employees and chemicals chosen for monitoring are based on the criteria stated above.

NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (h): It is not required to monitor employees engaged in site characterization operations covered by paragraph (c) of this section.
1910.120(i)

Informational programs. Employers shall develop and implement a program which is part of the employer’s safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section to inform employees, contractors, and subcontractors (or their representative) actually engaged in hazardous waste operations of the nature, level and degree of exposure likely as a result of participation in such hazardous waste operations. Employees, contractors and subcontractors working outside of the operations part of a site are not covered by this standard.

1910.120(j)
Handling drums and containers —
1910.120(j)(1)
General.
1910.120(j)(1)(i)
Hazardous substances and contaminated, liquids and other residues shall be handled, transported, labeled, and disposed of in accordance with this paragraph.
1910.120(j)(1)(ii)
Drums and containers used during the clean-up shall meet the appropriate DOT, OSHA, and EPA regulations for the wastes that they contain.
1910.120(j)(1)(iii)
When practical, drums and containers shall be inspected and their integrity shall be assured prior to being moved. Drums or containers that cannot be inspected before being moved because of storage conditions (i.e., buried beneath the earth, stacked behind other drums, stacked several tiers high in a pile, etc.) shall be moved to an accessible location and inspected prior to further handling.
1910.120(j)(1)(iv)
Unlabeled drums and containers shall be considered to contain hazardous substances and handled accordingly until the contents are positively identified and labeled.
1910.120(j)(1)(v)
Site operations shall be organized to minimize the amount of drum or container movement.
1910.120(j)(1)(vi)
Prior to movement of drums or containers, all employees exposed to the transfer operation shall be warned of the potential hazards associated with the contents of the drums or containers.
1910.120(j)(1)(vii)
U.S. Department of Transportation specified salvage drums or containers and suitable quantities of proper absorbent shall be kept available and used in areas where spills, leaks, or ruptures may occur.
1910.120(j)(1)(viii)
Where major spills may occur, a spill containment program, which is part of the employer’s safety and health program required in paragraph (b) of this section, shall be implemented to contain and isolate the entire volume of the hazardous substance being transferred.
1910.120(j)(1)(ix)
Drums and containers that cannot be moved without rupture, leakage, or spillage shall be emptied into a sound container using a device classified for the material being transferred.
1910.120(j)(1)(x)
A ground-penetrating system or other type of detection system or device shall be used to estimate the location and depth of buried drums or containers.
1910.120(j)(1)(xi)
Soil or covering material shall be removed with caution to prevent drum or container rupture.
1910.120(j)(1)(xii)
Fire extinguishing equipment meeting the requirements of 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart L, shall be on hand and ready for use to control incipient fires.
1910.120(j)(2)
Opening drums and containers. The following procedures shall be followed in areas where drums or containers are being opened:
1910.120(j)(2)(i)
Where an airline respirator system is used, connections to the source of air supply shall be protected from contamination and the entire system shall be protected from physical damage.
1910.120(j)(2)(ii)
Employees not actually involved in opening drums or containers shall be kept a safe distance from the drums or containers being opened.
1910.120(j)(2)(iii)
If employees must work near or adjacent to drums or containers being opened, a suitable shield that does not interfere with the work operation shall be placed between the employee and the drums or containers being opened to protect the employee in case of accidental explosion.
1910.120(j)(2)(iv)
Controls for drum or container opening equipment, monitoring equipment, and fire suppression equipment shall be located behind the explosion-resistant barrier.
1910.120(j)(2)(v)
When there is a reasonable possibility of flammable atmospheres being present, material handling equipment and hand tools shall be of the type to prevent sources of ignition.
1910.120(j)(2)(vi)
Drums and containers shall be opened in such a manner that excess interior pressure will be safely relieved. If pressure cannot be relieved from a remote location, appropriate shielding shall be placed between the employee and the drums or containers to reduce the risk of employee injury.
1910.120(j)(2)(vii)
Employees shall not stand upon or work from drums or containers.
1910.120(j)(3)
Material handling equipment. Material handling equipment used to transfer drums and containers shall be selected, positioned and operated to minimize sources of ignition related to the equipment from igniting vapors released from ruptured drums or containers.
1910.120(j)(4)
Radioactive wastes. Drums and containers containing radioactive wastes shall not be handled until such time as their hazard to employees is properly assessed.
1910.120(j)(5)
Shock sensitive wastes. As a minimum, the following special precautions shall be taken when drums and containers containing or suspected of containing shock-sensitive wastes are handled:
1910.120(j)(5)(i)
All non-essential employees shall be evacuated from the area of transfer.
1910.120(j)(5)(ii)
Material handling equipment shall be provided with explosive containment devices or protective shields to protect equipment operators from exploding containers.
1910.120(j)(5)(iii)
An employee alarm system capable of being perceived above surrounding light and noise conditions shall be used to signal the commencement and completion of explosive waste handling activities.
1910.120(j)(5)(iv)
Continuous communications (i.e., portable radios, hand signals, telephones, as appropriate) shall be maintained between the employee-in-charge of the immediate handling area and both the site safety and health supervisor and the command post until such time as the handling operation is completed. Communication equipment or methods that could cause shock sensitive materials to explode shall not be used.
1910.120(j)(5)(v)
Drums and containers under pressure, as evidenced by bulging or swelling, shall not be moved until such time as the cause for excess pressure is determined and appropriate containment procedures have been implemented to protect employees from explosive relief of the drum.
1910.120(j)(5)(vi)
Drums and containers containing packaged laboratory wastes shall be considered to contain shock-sensitive or explosive materials until they have been characterized.

Caution: Shipping of shock sensitive wastes may be prohibited under U.S. Department of Transportation regulations. Employers and their shippers should refer to 49 CFR 173.21 and 173.50.
1910.120(j)(6)
Laboratory waste packs. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (j)(5) of this section, the following precautions shall be taken, as a minimum, in handling laboratory waste packs (lab packs):
1910.120(j)(6)(i)
Lab packs shall be opened only when necessary and then only by an individual knowledgeable in the inspection, classification, and segregation of the containers within the pack according to the hazards of the wastes.
1910.120(j)(6)(ii)
If crystalline material is noted on any container, the contents shall be handled as a shock-sensitive waste until the contents are identified.
1910.120(j)(7)
Sampling of drum and container contents. Sampling of containers and drums shall be done in accordance with a sampling procedure which is part of the site safety and health plan developed for and available to employees and others at the specific worksite.
1910.120(j)(8)
Shipping and transport.
1910.120(j)(8)(i)
Drums and containers shall be identified and classified prior to packaging for shipment.
1910.120(j)(8)(ii)
Drum or container staging areas shall be kept to the minimum number necessary to safely identify and classify materials and prepare them for transport.
1910.120(j)(8)(iii)
Staging areas shall be provided with adequate access and egress routes.
1910.120(j)(8)(iv)
Bulking of hazardous wastes shall be permitted only after a thorough characterization of the materials has been completed.
1910.120(j)(9)
Tank and vault procedures.
1910.120(j)(9)(i)
Tanks and vaults containing hazardous substances shall be handled in a manner similar to that for drums and containers, taking into consideration the size of the tank or vault.
1910.120(j)(9)(ii)
Appropriate tank or vault entry procedures as described in the employer’s safety and health plan shall be followed whenever employees must enter a tank or vault.
1910.120(k)
Decontamination —
1910.120(k)(1)
General. Procedures for all phases of decontamination shall be developed and implemented in accordance with this paragraph.
1910.120(k)(2)
Decontamination procedures.
1910.120(k)(2)(i)
A decontamination procedure shall be developed, communicated to employees and implemented before any employees or equipment may enter areas on site where potential for exposure to hazardous substances exists.
1910.120(k)(2)(ii)
Standard operating procedures shall be developed to minimize employee contact with hazardous substances or with equipment that has contacted hazardous substances.
1910.120(k)(2)(iii)
All employees leaving a contaminated area shall be appropriately decontaminated; all contaminated clothing and equipment leaving a contaminated area shall be appropriately disposed of or decontaminated.
1910.120(k)(2)(iv)
Decontamination procedures shall be monitored by the site safety and health supervisor to determine their effectiveness. When such procedures are found to be ineffective, appropriate steps shall be taken to correct any deficiencies.
1910.120(k)(3)
Location. Decontamination shall be performed in geographical areas that will minimize the exposure of uncontaminated employees or equipment to contaminated employees or equipment.
1910.120(k)(4)
Equipment and solvents. All equipment and solvents used for decontamination shall be decontaminated or disposed of properly.
1910.120(k)(5)
Personal protective clothing and equipment.
1910.120(k)(5)(i)
Protective clothing and equipment shall be decontaminated, cleaned, laundered, maintained or replaced as needed to maintain their effectiveness.
1910.120(k)(5)(ii)
Employees whose non-impermeable clothing becomes wetted with hazardous substances shall immediately remove that clothing and proceed to shower. The clothing shall be disposed of or decontaminated before it is removed from the work zone.
1910.120(k)(6)
Unauthorized employees. Unauthorized employees shall not remove protective clothing or equipment from change rooms.
1910.120(k)(7)
Commercial laundries or cleaning establishments. Commercial laundries or cleaning establishments that decontaminate protective clothing or equipment shall be informed of the potentially harmful effects of exposures to hazardous substances.
1910.120(k)(8)
Showers and change rooms. Where the decontamination procedure indicates a need for regular showers and change rooms outside of a contaminated area, they shall be provided and meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.141. If temperature conditions prevent the effective use of water, then other effective means for cleansing shall be provided and used.
1910.120(l)
Emergency response by employees at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites —
1910.120(l)(1)
Emergency response plan.
1910.120(l)(1)(i)
An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented by all employers within the scope of paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (ii) of this section to handle anticipated emergencies prior to the commencement of hazardous waste operations. The plan shall be in writing and available for inspection and copying by employees, their representatives, OSHA personnel and other governmental agencies with relevant responsibilities.
1910.120(l)(1)(ii)
Employers who will evacuate their employees from the danger area when an emergency occurs, and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency, are exempt from the requirements of this paragraph if they provide an emergency action plan complying with 29 CFR 1910.38.
1910.120(l)(2)
Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following:
1910.120(l)(2)(i)
Pre-emergency planning.
1910.120(l)(2)(ii)
Personnel roles, lines of authority, training, and communication.
1910.120(l)(2)(iii)
Emergency recognition and prevention.
1910.120(l)(2)(iv)
Safe distances and places of refuge.
1910.120(l)(2)(v)
Site security and control.
1910.120(l)(2)(vi)
Evacuation routes and procedures.
1910.120(l)(2)(vii)
Decontamination procedures which are not covered by the site safety and health plan.
1910.120(l)(2)(viii)
Emergency medical treatment and first aid.
1910.120(l)(2)(ix)
Emergency alerting and response procedures.
1910.120(l)(2)(x)
Critique of response and follow-up.
1910.120(l)(2)(xi)
PPE and emergency equipment.
1910.120(l)(3)
Procedures for handling emergency incidents.
1910.120(l)(3)(i)
In addition to the elements for the emergency response plan required in paragraph (l)(2) of this section, the following elements shall be included for emergency response plans:
1910.120(l)(3)(i)(A)
Site topography, layout, and prevailing weather conditions.
1910.120(l)(3)(i)(B)
Procedures for reporting incidents to local, state, and federal governmental agencies.
1910.120(l)(3)(ii)
The emergency response plan shall be a separate section of the Site Safety and Health Plan.
1910.120(l)(3)(iii)
The emergency response plan shall be compatible and integrated with the disaster, fire and/or emergency response plans of local, state, and federal agencies.
1910.120(l)(3)(iv)
The emergency response plan shall be rehearsed regularly as part of the overall training program for site operations.
1910.120(l)(3)(v)
The site emergency response plan shall be reviewed periodically and, as necessary, be amended to keep it current with new or changing site conditions or information.
1910.120(l)(3)(vi)
An employee alarm system shall be installed in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.165 to notify employees of an emergency situation, to stop work activities if necessary, to lower background noise in order to speed communication, and to begin emergency procedures.
1910.120(l)(3)(vii)
Based upon the information available at time of the emergency, the employer shall evaluate the incident and the site response capabilities and proceed with the appropriate steps to implement the site emergency response plan.
1910.120(m)

Illumination. Areas accessible to employees shall be lighted to not less than the minimum illumination intensities listed in the following Table H-120.1 while any work is in progress:

TABLE H-120.1. — MINIMUM ILLUMINATION INTENSITIES IN FOOT-CANDLES
Foot-candlesArea or operations
5General site areas.
3Excavation and waste areas, accessways, active storage areas, loading platforms, refueling, and field maintenance areas.
5Indoors: warehouses, corridors, hallways, and exitways.
5Tunnels, shafts, and general underground work areas; (Exception: minimum of 10 foot-candles is required at tunnel and shaft heading during drilling, mucking, and scaling. Mine Safety and Health Administration approved cap lights shall be acceptable for use in the tunnel heading.
10General shops (e.g., mechanical and electrical equipment rooms, active storerooms, barracks or living quarters, locker or dressing rooms, dining areas, and indoor toilets and workrooms.
30First aid stations, infirmaries, and offices.
1910.120(n)
Sanitation at temporary workplaces —
1910.120(n)(1)
Potable water.
1910.120(n)(1)(i)
An adequate supply of potable water shall be provided on the site.
1910.120(n)(1)(ii)
Portable containers used to dispense drinking water shall be capable of being tightly closed, and equipped with a tap. Water shall not be dipped from containers.
1910.120(n)(1)(iii)
Any container used to distribute drinking water shall be clearly marked as to the nature of its contents and not used for any other purpose.
1910.120(n)(1)(iv)
Where single service cups (to be used but once) are supplied, both a sanitary container for the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the used cups shall be provided.
1910.120(n)(2)
Nonpotable water.
1910.120(n)(2)(i)
Outlets for nonpotable water, such as water for firefighting purposes shall be identified to indicate clearly that the water is unsafe and is not to be used for drinking, washing, or cooking purposes.
1910.120(n)(2)(ii)
There shall be no cross-connection, open or potential, between a system furnishing potable water and a system furnishing nonpotable water.
1910.120(n)(3)
Toilet facilities.
1910.120(n)(3)(i)

Toilets shall be provided for employees according to Table H-120.2.

TABLE H-120.2. — TOILET FACILITIES
Number of employeesMinimum number of facilities
20 or fewerOne.
More than 20, fewer than 200One toilet seat and 1 urinal per 40 employees.
More than 200One toilet seat and 1 urinal per 50 employees.
1910.120(n)(3)(ii)
Under temporary field conditions, provisions shall be made to assure not less than one toilet facility is available.
1910.120(n)(3)(iii)
Hazardous waste sites, not provided with a sanitary sewer, shall be provided with the following toilet facilities unless prohibited by local codes:
1910.120(n)(3)(iii)(A)
Chemical toilets;
1910.120(n)(3)(iii)(B)
Recirculating toilets;
1910.120(n)(3)(iii)(C)
Combustion toilets; or
1910.120(n)(3)(iii)(D)
Flush toilets.
1910.120(n)(3)(iv)
The requirements of this paragraph for sanitation facilities shall not apply to mobile crews having transportation readily available to nearby toilet facilities.
1910.120(n)(3)(v)
Doors entering toilet facilities shall be provided with entrance locks controlled from inside the facility.
1910.120(n)(4)
Food handling. All food service facilities and operations for employees shall meet the applicable laws, ordinances, and regulations of the jurisdictions in which they are located.
1910.120(n)(5)
Temporary sleeping quarters. When temporary sleeping quarters are provided, they shall be heated, ventilated, and lighted.
1910.120(n)(6)
Washing facilities. The employer shall provide adequate washing facilities for employees engaged in operations where hazardous substances may be harmful to employees. Such facilities shall be in near proximity to the worksite; in areas where exposures are below permissible exposure limits and which are under the controls of the employer; and shall be so equipped as to enable employees to remove hazardous substances from themselves.
1910.120(n)(7)
Showers and change rooms. When hazardous waste clean-up or removal operations commence on a site and the duration of the work will require six months or greater time to complete, the employer shall provide showers and change rooms for all employees exposed to hazardous substances and health hazards involved in hazardous waste clean-up or removal operations.
1910.120(n)(7)(i)
Showers shall be provided and shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.141(d)(3).
1910.120(n)(7)(ii)
Change rooms shall be provided and shall meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.141(e). Change rooms shall consist of two separate change areas separated by the shower area required in paragraph (n)(7)(i) of this section. One change area, with an exit leading off the worksite, shall provide employees with a clean area where they can remove, store, and put on street clothing. The second area, with an exit to the worksite, shall provide employees with an area where they can put on, remove and store work clothing and personal protective equipment.
1910.120(n)(7)(iii)
Showers and change rooms shall be located in areas where exposures are below the permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels. If this cannot be accomplished, then a ventilation system shall be provided that will supply air that is below the permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels.
1910.120(n)(7)(iv)
Employers shall assure that employees shower at the end of their work shift and when leaving the hazardous waste site.
1910.120(o)
New technology programs.
1910.120(o)(1)
The employer shall develop and implement procedures for the introduction of effective new technologies and equipment developed for the improved protection of employees working with hazardous waste clean-up operations, and the same shall be implemented as part of the site safety and health program to assure that employee protection is being maintained.
1910.120(o)(2)
New technologies, equipment or control measures available to the industry, such as the use of foams, absorbents, absorbents, neutralizers, or other means to suppress the level of air contaminants while excavating the site or for spill control, shall be evaluated by employers or their representatives. Such an evaluation shall be done to determine the effectiveness of the new methods, materials, or equipment before implementing their use on a large scale for enhancing employee protection. Information and data from manufacturers or suppliers may be used as part of the employer’s evaluation effort. Such evaluations shall be made available to OSHA upon request.
1910.120(p)

Certain Operations Conducted Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). Employers conducting operations at treatment, storage and disposal (TSD) facilities specified in paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section shall provide and implement the programs specified in this paragraph. See the “Notes and Exceptions” to paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section for employers not covered.

1910.120(p)(1)
Safety and health program. The employer shall develop and implement a written safety and health program for employees involved in hazardous waste operations that shall be available for inspection by employees, their representatives and OSHA personnel. The program shall be designed to identify, evaluate and control safety and health hazards in their facilities for the purpose of employee protection, to provide for emergency response meeting the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) of this section and to address as appropriate site analysis, engineering controls, maximum exposure limits, hazardous waste handling procedures and uses of new technologies.
1910.120(p)(2)
Hazard communication program. The employer shall implement a hazard communication program meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200 as part of the employer’s safety and program.

NOTE TO §1910.120 – The exemption for hazardous waste provided in 1910.1200 is applicable to this section.
1910.120(p)(3)
Medical surveillance program. The employer shall develop and implement a medical surveillance program meeting the requirements of paragraph (f) of this section.
1910.120(p)(4)
Decontamination program. The employer shall develop and implement a decontamination procedure meeting the requirements of paragraph (k) of this section.
1910.120(p)(5)
New technology program. The employer shall develop and implement procedures meeting the requirements of paragraph (o) of this section for introducing new and innovative equipment into the workplace.
1910.120(p)(6)
Material handling program. Where employees will be handling drums or containers, the employer shall develop and implement procedures meeting the requirements of paragraphs (j)(1)(ii) through (viii) and (xi) of this section, as well as (j)(3) and (j)(8) of this section prior to starting such work.
1910.120(p)(7)
Training program —
1910.120(p)(7)(i)
New employees. The employer shall develop and implement a training program which is part of the employer’s safety and health program, for employees exposed to health hazards or hazardous substances at TSD operations to enable the employees to perform their assigned duties and functions in a safe and healthful manner so as not to endanger themselves or other employees. The initial training shall be for 24 hours and refresher training shall be for eight hours annually. Employees who have received the initial training required by this paragraph shall be given a written certificate attesting that they have successfully completed the necessary training.
1910.120(p)(7)(ii)
Current employees. Employers who can show by an employee’s previous work experience and/or training that the employee has had training equivalent to the initial training required by this paragraph, shall be considered as meeting the initial training requirements of this paragraph as to that employee. Equivalent training includes the training that existing employees might have already received from actual site work experience. Current employees shall receive eight hours of refresher training annually.
1910.120(p)(7)(iii)
Trainers. Trainers who teach initial training shall have satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach or they shall have the academic credentials and instruction experience necessary to demonstrate a good command of the subject matter of the courses and competent instructional skills.
1910.120(p)(8)
Emergency response program —
1910.120(p)(8)(i)
Emergency response plan. An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented by all employers. Such plans need not duplicate any of the subjects fully addressed in the employer’s contingency planning required by permits, such as those issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, provided that the contingency plan is made part of the emergency response plan. The emergency response plan shall be a written portion of the employer’s safety and health program required in paragraph (p)(1) of this section. Employers who will evacuate their employees from the worksite location when an emergency occurs and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency are exempt from the requirements of paragraph (p)(8) if they provide an emergency action plan complying with 29 CFR 1910.38.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)
Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following areas to the extent that they are not addressed in any specific program required in this paragraph:
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(A)
Pre-emergency planning and coordination with outside parties.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(B)
Personnel roles, lines of authority, training, and communication.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(C)
Emergency recognition and prevention.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(D)
Safe distances and places of refuge.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(E)
Site security and control.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(F)
Evacuation routes and procedures.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(G)
Decontamination procedures.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(H)
Emergency medical treatment and first aid.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(I)
Emergency alerting and response procedures.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(J)
Critique of response and follow-up.
1910.120(p)(8)(ii)(K)
PPE and emergency equipment.
1910.120(p)(8)(iii)(A)
Training for emergency response employees shall be completed before they are called upon to perform in real emergencies. Such training shall include the elements of the emergency response plan, standard operating procedures the employer has established for the job, the personal protective equipment to be worn and procedures for handling emergency incidents.

Exception #1: an employer need not train all employees to the degree specified if the employer divides the work force in a manner such that a sufficient number of employees who have responsibility to control emergencies have the training specified, and all other employees, who may first respond to an emergency incident, have sufficient awareness training to recognize that an emergency response situation exists and that they are instructed in that case to summon the fully trained employees and not attempt control activities for which they are not trained.

Exception #2: An employer need not train all employees to the degree specified if arrangements have been made in advance for an outside fully-trained emergency response team to respond in a reasonable period and all employees, who may come to the incident first, have sufficient awareness training to recognize that an emergency response situation exists and they have been instructed to call the designated outside fully-trained emergency response team for assistance.
1910.120(p)(8)(iii)(B)
Employee members of TSD facility emergency response organizations shall be trained to a level of competence in the recognition of health and safety hazards to protect themselves and other employees. This would include training in the methods used to minimize the risk from safety and health hazards; in the safe use of control equipment; in the selection and use of appropriate personal protective equipment; in the safe operating procedures to be used at the incident scene; in the techniques of coordination with other employees to minimize risks; in the appropriate response to over exposure from health hazards or injury to themselves and other employees; and in the recognition of subsequent symptoms which may result from over exposures.
1910.120(p)(8)(iii)(C)
The employer shall certify that each covered employee has attended and successfully completed the training required in paragraph (p)(8)(iii) of this section, or shall certify the employee’s competency for certification of training shall be recorded and maintained by the employer.
1910.120(p)(8)(iv)
Procedures for handling emergency incidents.
1910.120(p)(8)(iv)(A)
In addition to the elements for the emergency response plan required in paragraph (p)(8)(ii) of this section, the following elements shall be included for emergency response plans to the extent that they do not repeat any information already contained in the emergency response plan:
1910.120(p)(8)(iv)(A)(1)
Site topography, layout, and prevailing weather conditions.
1910.120(p)(8)(iv)(A)(2)
Procedures for reporting incidents to local, state, and federal governmental agencies.
1910.120(p)(8)(iv)(B)
The emergency response plan shall be compatible and integrated with the disaster, fire and/or emergency response plans of local, state, and federal agencies.
1910.120(p)(8)(iv)(C)
The emergency response plan shall be rehearsed regularly as part of the overall training program for site operations.
1910.120(p)(8)(iv)(D)
The site emergency response plan shall be reviewed periodically and, as necessary, be amended to keep it current with new or changing site conditions or information.
1910.120(p)(8)(iv)(E)
An employee alarm system shall be installed in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.165 to notify employees of an emergency situation, to stop work activities if necessary, to lower background noise in order to speed communication; and to begin emergency procedures.
1910.120(p)(8)(iv)(F)
Based upon the information available at time of the emergency, the employer shall evaluate the incident and the site response capabilities and proceed with the appropriate steps to implement the site emergency response plan.
1910.120(q)
Emergency response program to hazardous substance releases. This paragraph covers employers whose employees are engaged in emergency response no matter where it occurs except that it does not cover employees engaged in operations specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section. Those emergency response organizations who have developed and implemented programs equivalent to this paragraph for handling releases of hazardous substances pursuant to section 303 of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C. 11003) shall be deemed to have met the requirements of this paragraph.
1910.120(q)(1)
Emergency response plan. An emergency response plan shall be developed and implemented to handle anticipated emergencies prior to the commencement of emergency response operations. The plan shall be in writing and available for inspection and copying by employees, their representatives and OSHA personnel. Employers who will evacuate their employees from the danger area when an emergency occurs, and who do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency, are exempt from the requirements of this paragraph if they provide an emergency action plan in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.38.
1910.120(q)(2)
Elements of an emergency response plan. The employer shall develop an emergency response plan for emergencies which shall address, as a minimum, the following areas to the extent that they are not addressed in any specific program required in this paragraph:
1910.120(q)(2)(i)
Pre-emergency planning and coordination with outside parties..
1910.120(q)(2)(ii)
Personnel roles, lines of authority, training, and communication.
1910.120(q)(2)(iii)
Emergency recognition and prevention.
1910.120(q)(2)(iv)
Safe distances and places of refuge.
1910.120(q)(2)(v)
Site security and control.
1910.120(q)(2)(vi)
Evacuation routes and procedures.
1910.120(q)(2)(vii)
Decontamination.
1910.120(q)(2)(viii)
Emergency medical treatment and first aid.
1910.120(q)(2)(ix)
Emergency alerting and response procedures.
1910.120(q)(2)(x)
Critique of response and follow-up.
1910.120(q)(2)(xi)
PPE and emergency equipment.
1910.120(q)(2)(xii)
Emergency response organizations may use the local emergency response plan or the state emergency response plan or both, as part of their emergency response plan to avoid duplication. Those items of the emergency response plan that are being properly addressed by the SARA Title III plans may be substituted into their emergency plan or otherwise kept together for the employer and employee’s use.
1910.120(q)(3)
Procedures for handling emergency response.
1910.120(q)(3)(i)

The senior emergency response official responding to an emergency shall become the individual in charge of a site-specific Incident Command System (ICS). All emergency responders and their communications shall be coordinated and controlled through the individual in charge of the ICS assisted by the senior official present for each employer.

NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (q)(3)(i). – The “senior official” at an emergency response is the most senior official on the site who has the responsibility for controlling the operations at the site. Initially it is the senior officer on the first-due piece of responding emergency apparatus to arrive on the incident scene. As more senior officers arrive (i.e. , battalion chief, fire chief, state law enforcement official, site coordinator, etc.) the position is passed up the line of authority which has been previously established.

1910.120(q)(3)(ii)
The individual in charge of the ICS shall identify, to the extent possible, all hazardous substances or conditions present and shall address as appropriate site analysis, use of engineering controls, maximum exposure limits, hazardous substance handling procedures, and use of any new technologies.
1910.120(q)(3)(iii)
Based on the hazardous substances and/or conditions present, the individual in charge of the ICS shall implement appropriate emergency operations, and assure that the personal protective equipment worn is appropriate for the hazards to be encountered. However, personal protective equipment shall meet, at a minimum, the criteria contained in 29 CFR 1910.156(e) when worn while performing fire fighting operations beyond the incipient stage for any incident.
1910.120(q)(3)(iv)
Employees engaged in emergency response and exposed to hazardous substances presenting an inhalation hazard or potential inhalation hazard shall wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus while engaged in emergency response, until such time that the individual in charge of the ICS determines through the use of air monitoring that a decreased level of respiratory protection will not result in hazardous exposures to employees.
1910.120(q)(3)(v)
The individual in charge of the ICS shall limit the number of emergency response personnel at the emergency site, in those areas of potential or actual exposure to incident or site hazards, to those who are actively performing emergency operations. However, operations in hazardous areas shall be performed using the buddy system in groups of two or more.
1910.120(q)(3)(vi)
Back-up personnel shall be standing by with equipment ready to provide assistance or rescue. Qualified basic life support personnel, as a minimum, shall also be standing by with medical equipment and transportation capability.
1910.120(q)(3)(vii)
The individual in charge of the ICS shall designate a safety officer, who is knowledgeable in the operations being implemented at the emergency response site, with specific responsibility to identify and evaluate hazards and to provide direction with respect to the safety of operations for the emergency at hand.
1910.120(q)(3)(viii)
When activities are judged by the safety officer to be an IDLH and/or to involve an imminent danger condition, the safety officer shall have the authority to alter, suspend, or terminate those activities. The safety official shall immediately inform the individual in charge of the ICS of any actions needed to be taken to correct these hazards at the emergency scene.
1910.120(q)(3)(ix)
After emergency operations have terminated, the individual in charge of the ICS shall implement appropriate decontamination procedures.
1910.120(q)(3)(x)
When deemed necessary for meeting the tasks at hand, approved self-contained compressed air breathing apparatus may be used with approved cylinders from other approved self-contained compressed air breathing apparatus provided that such cylinders are of the same capacity and pressure rating. All compressed air cylinders used with self-contained breathing apparatus shall meet U.S. Department of Transportation and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health criteria.
1910.120(q)(4)
Skilled support personnel. Personnel, not necessarily an employer’s own employees, who are skilled in the operation of certain equipment, such as mechanized earth moving or digging equipment or crane and hoisting equipment, and who are needed temporarily to perform immediate emergency support work that cannot reasonably be performed in a timely fashion by an employer’s own employees, and who will be or may be exposed to the hazards at an emergency response scene, are not required to meet the training required in this paragraph for the employer’s regular employees. However, these personnel shall be given an initial briefing at the site prior to their participation in any emergency response. The initial briefing shall include instruction in the wearing of appropriate personal protective equipment, what chemical hazards are involved, and what duties are to be performed. All other appropriate safety and health precautions provided to the employer’s own employees shall be used to assure the safety and health of these personnel.
1910.120(q)(5)
Specialist employees. Employees who, in the course of their regular job duties, work with and are trained in the hazards of specific hazardous substances, and who will be called upon to provide technical advice or assistance at a hazardous substance release incident to the individual in charge, shall receive training or demonstrate competency in the area of their specialization annually.
1910.120(q)(6)
Training. Training shall be based on the duties and function to be performed by each responder of an emergency response organization. The skill and knowledge levels required for all new responders, those hired after the effective date of this standard, shall be conveyed to them through training before they are permitted to take part in actual emergency operations on an incident. Employees who participate, or are expected to participate, in emergency response, shall be given training in accordance with the following paragraphs:
1910.120(q)(6)(i)
First responder awareness level. First responders at the awareness level are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance release and who have been trained to initiate an emergency response sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release. They would take no further action beyond notifying the authorities of the release. First responders at the awareness level shall have sufficient training or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas:
1910.120(q)(6)(i)(A)
An understanding of what hazardous substances are, and the risks associated with them in an incident.
1910.120(q)(6)(i)(B)
An understanding of the potential outcomes associated with an emergency created when hazardous substances are present.
1910.120(q)(6)(i)(C)
The ability to recognize the presence of hazardous substances in an emergency.
1910.120(q)(6)(i)(D)
The ability to identify the hazardous substances, if possible.
1910.120(q)(6)(i)(E)
An understanding of the role of the first responder awareness individual in the employer’s emergency response plan including site security and control and the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Emergency Response Guidebook.
1910.120(q)(6)(i)(F)
The ability to realize the need for additional resources, and to make appropriate notifications to the communication center.
1910.120(q)(6)(ii)
First responder operations level. First responders at the operations level are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances as part of the initial response to the site for the purpose of protecting nearby persons, property, or the environment from the effects of the release. They are trained to respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Their function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. First responders at the operational level shall have received at least eight hours of training or have had sufficient experience to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas in addition to those listed for the awareness level and the employer shall so certify:
1910.120(q)(6)(ii)(A)
Knowledge of the basic hazard and risk assessment techniques.
1910.120(q)(6)(ii)(B)
Know how to select and use proper personal protective equipment provided to the first responder operational level.
1910.120(q)(6)(ii)(C)
An understanding of basic hazardous materials terms.
1910.120(q)(6)(ii)(D)
Know how to perform basic control, containment and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available with their unit.
1910.120(q)(6)(ii)(E)
Know how to implement basic decontamination procedures.
1910.120(q)(6)(ii)(F)
An understanding of the relevant standard operating procedures and termination procedures.
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)
Hazardous materials technician. Hazardous materials technicians are individuals who respond to releases or potential releases for the purpose of stopping the release. They assume a more aggressive role than a first responder at the operations level in that they will approach the point of release in order to plug, patch or otherwise stop the release of a hazardous substance. Hazardous materials technicians shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(A)
Know how to implement the employer’s emergency response plan.
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(B)
Know the classification, identification and verification of known and unknown materials by using field survey instruments and equipment.
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(C)
Be able to function within an assigned role in the Incident Command System.
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(D)
Know how to select and use proper specialized chemical personal protective equipment provided to the hazardous materials technician.
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(E)
Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques.
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(F)
Be able to perform advance control, containment, and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available with the unit.
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(G)
Understand and implement decontamination procedures.
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(H)
Understand termination procedures.
1910.120(q)(6)(iii)(I)
Understand basic chemical and toxicological terminology and behavior.
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)
Hazardous materials specialist. Hazardous materials specialists are individuals who respond with and provide support to hazardous materials technicians. Their duties parallel those of the hazardous materials technician, however, those duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist would also act as the site liaison with Federal, state, local and other government authorities in regards to site activities. Hazardous materials specialists shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the technician level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)(A)
Know how to implement the local emergency response plan.
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)(B)
Understand classification, identification and verification of known and unknown materials by using advanced survey instruments and equipment.
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)(C)
Know the state emergency response plan.
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)(D)
Be able to select and use proper specialized chemical personal protective equipment provided to the hazardous materials specialist.
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)(E)
Understand in-depth hazard and risk techniques.
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)(F)
Be able to perform specialized control, containment, and/or confinement operations within the capabilities of the resources and personal protective equipment available.
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)(G)
Be able to determine and implement decontamination procedures.
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)(H)
Have the ability to develop a site safety and control plan.
1910.120(q)(6)(iv)(I)
Understand chemical, radiological and toxicological terminology and behavior.
1910.120(q)(6)(v)
On scene incident commander. Incident commanders, who will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first responder awareness level, shall receive at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and in addition have competency in the following areas and the employer shall so certify:
1910.120(q)(6)(v)(A)
Know and be able to implement the employer’s incident command system.
1910.120(q)(6)(v)(B)
Know how to implement the employer’s emergency response plan.
1910.120(q)(6)(v)(C)
Know and understand the hazards and risks associated with employees working in chemical protective clothing.
1910.120(q)(6)(v)(D)
Know how to implement the local emergency response plan.
1910.120(q)(6)(v)(E)
Know of the state emergency response plan and of the Federal Regional Response Team.
1910.120(q)(6)(v)(F)
Know and understand the importance of decontamination procedures.
1910.120(q)(7)
Trainers. Trainers who teach any of the above training subjects shall have satisfactorily completed a training course for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, such as the courses offered by the U.S. National Fire Academy, or they shall have the training and/or academic credentials and instructional experience necessary to demonstrate competent instructional skills and a good command of the subject matter of the courses they are to teach.
1910.120(q)(8)
Refresher training.
1910.120(q)(8)(i)
Those employees who are trained in accordance with paragraph (q)(6) of this section shall receive annual refresher training of sufficient content and duration to maintain their competencies, or shall demonstrate competency in those areas at least yearly.
1910.120(q)(8)(ii)
A statement shall be made of the training or competency, and if a statement of competency is made, the employer shall keep a record of the methodology used to demonstrate competency.
1910.120(q)(9)
Medical surveillance and consultation.
1910.120(q)(9)(i)
Members of an organized and designated HAZMAT team and hazardous materials specialist shall receive a baseline physical examination and be provided with medical surveillance as required in paragraph (f) of this section.
1910.120(q)(9)(ii)
Any emergency response employees who exhibit signs or symptoms which may have resulted from exposure to hazardous substances during the course of an emergency incident either immediately or subsequently, shall be provided with medical consultation as required in paragraph (f)(3)(ii) of this section.
1910.120(q)(10)
Chemical protective clothing. Chemical protective clothing and equipment to be used by organized and designated HAZMAT team members, or to be used by hazardous materials specialists, shall meet the requirements of paragraphs (g)(3) through (5) of this section.
1910.120(q)(11)
Post-emergency response operations. Upon completion of the emergency response, if it is determined that it is necessary to remove hazardous substances, health hazards and materials contaminated with them (such as contaminated soil or other elements of the natural environment) from the site of the incident, the employer conducting the clean-up shall comply with one of the following:
1910.120(q)(11)(i)
Meet all the requirements of paragraphs (b) through (o) of this section; or
1910.120(q)(11)(ii)
Where the clean-up is done on plant property using plant or workplace employees, such employees shall have completed the training requirements of the following: 29 CFR 1910.38, 1910.134, 1910.1200, and other appropriate safety and health training made necessary by the tasks they are expected to perform such as personal protective equipment and decontamination procedures.

APPENDICES TO §1910.120 – HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

NOTE: The following appendices serve as non-mandatory guidelines to assist employees and employers in complying with the appropriate requirements of this section. However paragraph 1910.120(g) makes mandatory in certain circumstances the use of Level A and Level B PPE protection.
[61 FR 9227, March 7, 1996; 67 FR 67964, Nov. 7, 2002; 71 FR 16672, April 3, 2006; 76 FR 80738, Dec. 27, 2011; 77 FR 17776, March 26, 2012; 78 FR 9313, Feb. 8, 2013; 84 FR 21598, May 14, 2019]
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